war and peace

?
• Ethics of the state V of the individual
state has a responsibility of all its citizens; individual has the right and chance to take whatever stance they wish
1 of 38
background of war
constantine became emperor and converted to Christianity, Augustine proposed the JWT, developed Aquinas (partly come out of NML)
2 of 38
JWT - jus ad bello
started/controlled by authority, cause = just/sufficient, fought to establish good, reasonable chance of success, last resort, sufficient force
3 of 38
examples of jus ad bello
WW2 - ultimatum to Germany - war as a last resort, ecomics sanction on Russia, ISIL not a legitimate authority
4 of 38
jus ad bello -how to fight
discriminate = military, proportionality = only 'enough' force, only weapons = no tortue or ****
5 of 38
jus post bello
'conditions of peace', just cause to end war, right intention, discriminate, proportionality
6 of 38
example of jus post bello
T of V was a diktat so not adhering to Jus post Bello
7 of 38
realism
morality of individual do not apply to state, state should protect its self-interest, still morals to war e.g. treatment of prisoners
8 of 38
christian realism
1960s, Reinhold Niebuhr 'human beings are essentially sinful and concerned with self-interests', war is innevitable, lesser of 2 evils, pacifism is wrong
9 of 38
absolute pacifism
no war at all
10 of 38
active pacifism
political
11 of 38
selective pacifism
weapons/mass destruction
12 of 38
contingent/relativism pacifism
only some kinds of war
13 of 38
preferential pacifism
only some kind
14 of 38
agape
- “love your neighbour” and “love your enemy” - “protect those who cannot protect themselves”
15 of 38
biblical teaching yes and no
- “A eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” but.. “if someone strikes your left cheek, turn to them the other”
16 of 38
bible - yes
- “Proclaim this among the nations; prepare for war!” - “The Lord is a warrior” - “I have not come to bring peace but a sword”
17 of 38
bible - no
blessed are the peacemakers
18 of 38
divine command theory
- 10 Commandments: “Do not kill” but God fights for the Jews in the
19 of 38
chrisitan forgive
forgive people “seventy times seven”
20 of 38
pacifist examples
quakers, conscientious objectors
21 of 38
realism examples
crusades
22 of 38
jesus and paul
spirit of the law, protect those who cannot protect themselves
23 of 38
NML - no
‘preserve life’ ‘harmonious society’
24 of 38
euthyphro dilemma
if war is commanded by God, is it good?
25 of 38
Jesus 'righteous anger'
went into the temple and overturned a table as people were abusing it; can be angry when right e.g. war
26 of 38
preference utilitarianism
- gov vote if we go to war and have mandate so okay - if conscription or dictator then no - people voted Nazi Germany into power
27 of 38
act utilitarianism
may be worse to keep people suffering, proportion, soldiers dying lesser of 2 evils, hedonic calculas - dont know calculas, who applies the calculas e.g. government
28 of 38
rule util
can't access higher pleasures, bring greater happiness, ethics and war do not mix
29 of 38
NML - yes
aquinas - JWT, needed to protect others and restore harmonious society
30 of 38
NML - no
against 2 of the primary precepts, use reason, apparent good
31 of 38
kant - no
soldier for glory is wrong, can't be universalised, using soldiers as a means to end, 'do not kill except in wartime' is hypothetical
32 of 38
kant yes
soldier's duty
33 of 38
kant's contradiction
duty of self-preservation and to protect the 'kingdom of ends', preserve autonomy, use CI instead of dictator - no freedom so don't have to follow CI
34 of 38
Util - yes
priciple of utility - more happiness, changeable position - reassess if too many deaths
35 of 38
util - no
difficult to apply due to unpredictable outcome
36 of 38
kant example
• 3rd formulation – acting as though legislating for ‘kingdom of ends’ – 1795 ‘Perpetual Peace’ – federation of free states bound by covenant prohibiting war – ie. International government – key to League of Nations then UN
37 of 38
fletcher
According to Fletcher, Legalism’s problem is that it doesn’t allow exceptions: ‘Never kill’ fails to allow killing in self-defence or during war – times when killing may in fact be the most loving thing to do. Absolute Pacifism is a form of Legalism
38 of 38

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

background of war

Back

constantine became emperor and converted to Christianity, Augustine proposed the JWT, developed Aquinas (partly come out of NML)

Card 3

Front

JWT - jus ad bello

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

examples of jus ad bello

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

jus ad bello -how to fight

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Ethics resources:

See all Ethics resources »See all Natural Law resources »