basaltic - 50kmph on steep slopes. Andesitic and rhyolitic move more slowly. Hawaii - buried roads, housing and cars. 1000 degrees, houses erupt into flames
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primary - pyroclastic flows
mixture of hot rock fragments, lava particles, ash and hot gases. andesitic, and rhyolitic volcanoes and collapsed lava domes. 300km/h. 100-700 degrees. Mount Pelée - 64 survivors from 29,000 inhabitants
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primary - volcanic dust, ash and tephra
dust
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primary - volcanic gases
hazardous to health. Laki 1783-1784 fluorine contaminated pastures. 50% of cattle died. 75% of sheep died,aerosols spread as blue fog - 3 long cold winters
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secondary - lahars
volcanic mud flows - volcanic ash mixes with water. 50km/h downslope. water from snow at top of volcano, heavy rainfall or collapse of crater lake. Armero, Columbia 1985 8m deep lahars killed 22,000 people.
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secondary - tsunamis
explosive eruptions on volcanic islands or submarine caldera collapse. Krakatoa eruption 1883 most of 36,000 deaths due to 30-40m high tsunamis
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secondary - landslides
gravity driven masses of rock, loose volcanic material. occurs due to heavy rainfall, earthquakes or volcano collapse. Orotava valley, Tenerife landslides displaces lavas of thickness 150m
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Front
primary - pyroclastic flows
Back
mixture of hot rock fragments, lava particles, ash and hot gases. andesitic, and rhyolitic volcanoes and collapsed lava domes. 300km/h. 100-700 degrees. Mount Pelée - 64 survivors from 29,000 inhabitants
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