Example of a volcanic eruption in a developed county
Eyjafjallajokull, Iceland, 2010 - constructive margin, lava had low gas content and high viscosity. Large ash plume created, reaching 11km high.
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Eyjafjallajokull - impacts on people?
No deaths/injuries, but evacuations in Iceland. Air traffic disruption (10m stranded due to 100,000 flight cancellations).
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Eyjafjallajokull - impacts on economy?
Air traffic disruption (airlines lost US$ 1.7b) (EU economies lost US$5b). Impacts felt as far away as Kenya where 20% GDP from export of food, flowers to Europe, which halted (however some goods were flown to Spain and moved by road).
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Eyjafjallajokull - impacts on environment?
Ice melt caused flash flooding. Carbon dioxide inputted to atmosphere (relatively small amount).
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Example of a volcanic eruption in a emerging county
Mt Pinatubo, Philippines, 1991 - destructive margin, caused tephra, pyroclastic flows and lahars as well as sulphur dioxide emissions.
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Mt Pinatubo - impacts on people?
850 killed. 650,000 lost jobs.
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Mt Pinatubo - impacts on economy?
Costs of US$750m to economy (eg. Manila airport closed). Harvest was destroyed.
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Mt Pinatubo - impacts on environment?
Sulphur dioxide and ash caused global dimming and a drop in temperatures of 0.5°C.
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Example of a volcanic eruption in a developing county
Montserrat, 1995 - destructive margin in Caribbean island arc.
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Montserrat - impacts on people?
19 killed. Homes, hospitals, airports and roads destroyed. Over half the islanders evacuated, mainly to the UK.
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Montserrat - impacts on economy?
The capital city, Plymouth, was abandoned after being buried with mud. Decline of tourist industry.
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Montserrat - impacts on environment?
Soils may become more fertile as a result of volcanic ash.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Eyjafjallajokull - impacts on people?
Back
No deaths/injuries, but evacuations in Iceland. Air traffic disruption (10m stranded due to 100,000 flight cancellations).
Card 3
Front
Eyjafjallajokull - impacts on economy?
Back
Card 4
Front
Eyjafjallajokull - impacts on environment?
Back
Card 5
Front
Example of a volcanic eruption in a emerging county
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