By 18 we know 60,000 words. By 6 we know 13,000 words. From 12 months - 6 years we learn 5-10 new words a day. We are learning the mappings between words and concepts.
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The Vocab Spurt...
18 & 24 months. From the Oxford Communicative Development Inventory we can see that word production starts at 12 months, slow at beginning and dev in non linear
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The Sputs comprises of 3 stages...
1. Sounds, segmentation of speech. 2. concept, catergorisation of objects. 3. Mapping, naming insight
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What did Plunkett say about segmentation of speech?
recorded 12 & 24 month olds. Vocab spurt closely related to solution of speech segmentation problem. 3 stages; Target lexems, sub-lecical forma and formulaic expressions
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What did Meints, Plunkett and Harris find when looking at catergorisation of objects?
12 month olds only inclued typical referents but at 18-24 months they learn to use both typical and atypical referents for objects. eg. dog = typical, spaniel = atypical
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Gopnik and Meltzoff stated what about catergorisation of objects?
That there is a relationship between age at which a spurt is seen and the emergence of an advanced object sorting skill. Therefore a vocab spurt reflects the understanding that all things belong to categories.
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Dore et al and Mcshane found what about naming insight??
That the vocab spurt reflcts a childs discovery of how language works. All things can and should have names
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Kamhi stated..... about naming insight?
That this insight was an observable phenomenon
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what is the Disambiguation Problem?
ITs a mapping problem in which we have to learn how to name parts of objects, realsie a picture represents something
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What is the syntactic bootstrapping hypothesis?
Pre-school children use contect to infer meanings but there needs to be a basic understanding of grammar to do so. Count nouns, mass nouns, proper nouns, adjectives and verbs etc...
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what are the constraints on word meanings?
We make assumptions about new word meanings. we have a set of word learning biases and constrains which are developed during the vocb spurt
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Markman and Golinkoff et al described 2 constrains on word meanings, what were they?
Whole object principle - match new word to new object rather than to part of a known objects. Mutual exclusivity bias - map new words on to new objects rather than ones we already know the name of, name the object without a name.
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The Social-Pragmatic Approach suggests?
Word learning is linked to joint attention. Baldwin discussed that 18 month olds map new words to objects when that adult attention is on that object. The infant can switch attention to the focus of the adult and thus learn.
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Associative Learning Approach details that...
Children use normal learning mechanisms (attention and memory) to learn but also use co-variations in the world to discover new meanings. 12-14 month olds notice and lean which words and objects co-vary across situations.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The Vocab Spurt...
Back
18 & 24 months. From the Oxford Communicative Development Inventory we can see that word production starts at 12 months, slow at beginning and dev in non linear
Card 3
Front
The Sputs comprises of 3 stages...
Back
Card 4
Front
What did Plunkett say about segmentation of speech?
Back
Card 5
Front
What did Meints, Plunkett and Harris find when looking at catergorisation of objects?
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