Pertaining to the apostles and the pope. The pope wields apostolic authority.
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Canonise
To make a saint. Olaf was canonised after his death in battle.
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Condemnation
The act of condemning or expressing dislike or disfavour of someone. Godwin earned the condemnation of Edward due to his contumacy.
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Contumacious
Willfully and repeatedly disobedient. Godwin was contumacious in his refusal to accept Edward's authority.
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Disenfranchisement
Denying someone rights or priveleges. Emma of Normandy was faced with disenfranchisement by her son, Edward.
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Homage
The act of showing fealty or supplication to a lord or king. Godwin payed homage to Edward.
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Incumbent
Pre-existing. Harold was the incumbent monarch at the time of the Normans' invasion.
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Interdict
The banning of a person or country from ecclesiastical functions or priveleges. The country was placed under interdict.
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Nullified
To make safe or remove the threat of. The threat of viking invasion was nullified.
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Piety
The quality of being religious. Edward showed his piety through his building of Westminster Abbey
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Pontificate
The reign of a pope. Urban II's pontifiacte ended with his death, shortly after the successful siege of Jerusalem.
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Primogeniture
The system by which the first born inherits lands and titles from his forebearers. Edward inherited the English crown through the laws of primogeniture.
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Recidivism
The act of repeatedly committing crimes regardless of punishment. Swegn Godwinsson's recidivism ultimately led to his exile and subsequent death.
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Secular
Non-Religious. The monarchy is part of a secular government.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
To make a saint. Olaf was canonised after his death in battle.
Back
Canonise
Card 3
Front
The act of condemning or expressing dislike or disfavour of someone. Godwin earned the condemnation of Edward due to his contumacy.
Back
Card 4
Front
Willfully and repeatedly disobedient. Godwin was contumacious in his refusal to accept Edward's authority.
Back
Card 5
Front
Denying someone rights or priveleges. Emma of Normandy was faced with disenfranchisement by her son, Edward.
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