Virtue Theory

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  • Created by: Sc1602
  • Created on: 08-01-20 17:23
How did Aristotle define eudaimonia? (quote)
"doing and living well"
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Is eudaimonia a virtue?
No, it is not a virtue itself, but an activity of the virtuous person
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Eudaimonia is the outcome of...
being virtuous
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What did Aristotle identify as 3 aspects of happiness?
1. a life with freedom 2. a life of enjoyment 3. being a philosopher (reflection and contemplation) (he said that the most important virtue, wisdom, is gained when one can maintain all three of these)
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The goal of virtue theory is to...
cultivate a virtuous disposition that brings about eudaimonia through virtuous actions
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The Greek term "Arete" means...
"virtue" but also conveys moral, intellectual and physical excellence (being fit for purpose)
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Virtue theory is grounded in Aristotle's book...
"The Nichomachean Ethics"
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The origins of virtue theory tie in with...
Aristotle's whole view of the universe (four causes and teleology)
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What were Aristotle's two types of virtue?
1. moral 2. intellectual
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List the 12 moral virtues
1. courage 2. temperance 3. liberality 4. generosity 5. pride 6. right/proper ambition 7. patience 8. truthfulness 9. wittiness 10. friendliness 11. modesty 12. righteous indignation
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list the five intellectual virtues.
1. intelligence/insight 2. scientific knowledge by demonstration and conclusion 3. wisdom 4. artistic endeavour through the guidance of reason 6. prudence
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The moral virtues are developed through...
habit and practice
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the intellectual virtues are developed through...
education
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What were Aristotle's four greatest virtues?
1. temperance 2. courage 3. justice 4. wisdom
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Aristotle said that the greatest advocate of the virtue is...
the philosopher that pursues the loving (philos) and wise (sophos)
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What does Aristotle's doctrine of the mean state?
cultivating virtues involves balancing the two extremes of excess and deficiency
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Aristotle doctrine of the mean quote
"for in everything it is no easy task to find the middle"
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Name the three types of person produced by Aristotle's doctrine of the mean.
1. sophron 2. enkrates 3. akrates
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sophron
naturally lives in the mean without effort
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enkrates
tempted but strong willed so lives in the mean
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akrates
weak willed so cannot live in the mean by overcoming the temptation of vices (said to be incontinent, "akrasia"= lacking self-restraint)
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There is a history of encouraging virtues in...
the Christian tradition (can be traced back to OT works e.g. Ecclesiastes)
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A NT example of encouraging virtuous behaviour is...
The Beatitudes in Matthew 5:3-12 during the Sermon on the Mount
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In the Beatitudes, each virtue...
is considered as "blessed" and has a corresponding spiritual reward
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Matthew 5:3
"blessed are the poor in Spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven"
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Matthew 5:6
"blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled"
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What is a notable difference between Jesus' and Aristotle's virtues?
Aristotle focuses on personal goals whilst Jesus focuses on virtues that enable us to love others
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VE is about definign the personal qualities that...
make a person moral
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VE focuses on a person's character, rather than...
their specific actions (shift away form rules and principles)
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Instead of rules and principles, there is a focus on...
the hexis of a person
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hexis
a Greek word used by Aristotle to describe a person's manner of behaviour
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VE is about how an individual can...
develop the correct ethos so that they can behave virtuously
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Cave quote
"morality and personal happiness are entwined"
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Name the three main challenges to VE.
1. used for immoral acts 2. cultural relativism 3. virtues are not a practical guide to moral behaviour
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Is eudaimonia a virtue?

Back

No, it is not a virtue itself, but an activity of the virtuous person

Card 3

Front

Eudaimonia is the outcome of...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did Aristotle identify as 3 aspects of happiness?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

The goal of virtue theory is to...

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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