The presence of differences between living things of the same species.
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Mutation
A fault, usually in one gene and rarely in a group of genes which may change something about a person
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Asexual reproduction
Cells from the body of the parent divide to produce the offspring. This means that the offspring are genetically identical to their parents and each other
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Sexual reproduction
Two sex cells (gametes), one from each parent, fuse together to produce offspring which has genes from each parent
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Diploid cells
Have twice the number of chromosomes of a haploid cell
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Haploid cells
Have half the number of chromosomes of a diploid cell
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Meiosis
Produces new sex cells - four unidentical cells
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Survival of the fittest
The most adapted organisms survive better
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Nucleotide diagram
Consists of a sugar and phosphate group with one of the four inferential bases attached to the sugar which links to next set of DNA
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Allele
Different versions of a gene that code for different versions of a characteristics
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Homozygous alleles
The alleles in a matching pair are the same
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Heterozygous alleles
The alleles in a matching pair are different
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Dominant alleles
Will always be expressed even if an individual only has one copy of the allele
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Recessive allele
Will only be expressed in a homozygous form
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Genotype
The allele pair for each characteristic
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Phenotype
The physical expression of an allele pair
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Monohybrid inheritance
The inheritance of a single gene
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Zygote
An offspring
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Gamete
A sex cell - egg or sperm
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Codominance
Neither allele is recessive so both alleles are expressed in the final phenotype
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Chromosomes
Long chains of DNA
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DNA
Chemical code for development
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Genes
Small section of a chromosome of length of DNA
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Karyotype
The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of organisms
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Ovum
Another word for an egg cell
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A fault, usually in one gene and rarely in a group of genes which may change something about a person
Back
Mutation
Card 3
Front
Cells from the body of the parent divide to produce the offspring. This means that the offspring are genetically identical to their parents and each other
Back
Card 4
Front
Two sex cells (gametes), one from each parent, fuse together to produce offspring which has genes from each parent
Back
Card 5
Front
Have twice the number of chromosomes of a haploid cell
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