Variables other than the IV which may have an effect on the DV if not controlled for
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whats an example of an extraneous variable?
intelligence and motivation levels of the participants in a memory test
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what are confounding variables?
Variables other than the IV that have had an effect on the DV and they vary systematically with the IV
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what is an example of confounding variables?
the time of day 2 groups take a memory test
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what are demand characteristics?
when participants try to guess the aim or intended outcome of a study and therefore change their behaviour accordingly
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how can demand characteristics be reduced
- by not revealing the aim of the study to the participants
- by using an independent measures design, so participants only take part in one of the conditions
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what are investigator effects?
any unwanted influences that the investigator/experimenter communicates to the participants effecting their behaviour
e.g. a raised eyebrow can make the participant aware they may have said or done something surprising or shocking
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how can investigator effects to be reduced?
- the use of standardised instructions
- double blind procedure
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what is random allocation
Random allocation is a technique that chooses individuals for research groups entirely by chance with no regard to the will of researchers or participants' condition and preference
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what are order effects?
Changes in participants’ performance due to their repeating the same or similar test more than once
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what is standardisation?
This is where the experience of an experiment (process) is kept identical for every participant
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what is counterbalancing and when is it used?
to combat order effects
a participant sample is divided in half, with one half completing the two conditions in one order and the other half completing the conditions in the reverse order.
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define randomisation
the use of chance methods to control the effects of bias when designing materials and deciding the order of conditions
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
whats an example of an extraneous variable?
Back
intelligence and motivation levels of the participants in a memory test
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