Urinary Diseases

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  • Created by: Cal1234
  • Created on: 17-04-19 11:26
what is acute kidney injury
sudden onset of loss of kidney function - life threatening
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what are the four causes of acute kidney injury
ischemia, toxins, inflammation, obstruction
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how does ischaemia cause acute kidney injury
any cause of hypotension - kidneys receviving reduced cardiac output decreases filtration ability
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how do toxins cause acute kidney injury
ethylene glycol (antifreeze), nephrotoxin drugs e.g. gentamycin, sepsis
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how does inflammation cause acute kidney injury
infections e.g. Leptospirosis, systemic disease
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how does obstruction cause acute kidney injury
urinary tract obstruction
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clinical signs of acute kidney injury
vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, dehydration, uremia, oliguria, anuria
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diagnosis of acute kidney injury
azotemia, hyperkalemia and hypernatremia, presence of casts on urinalysis, ultrasound
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treatment of acute kidney injury
IVFT, diuretics, anti-emetics, peritoneal dialysis - saline into abdo, wastes diffuse into solution the aspirated from peritoneum
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what is chronic kidney disease CKD
Progressive renal degeneration, signs only seen once 75% of nephrons lost
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clinical signs on CKD
PUPD, inappetence, v/d, shrunken, firm kidneys - destruction and fibrosis of normal tissue, pale mm, halitosis and ulceration, weight loss, lethargy, hypertension
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diagnosis of CKD
azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypernatremia, anemia, urinalysis, low USG, +/- proteinuria
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management of CKD
fluid intake, diet - restricted protein and sodium and phosphate, medication - phosphate binds, ACE inhibitors, regular evaluation - BP, electrolytes, PCV
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what is glomerulonephritis
consequence of immune disease where antibody-antigen complexes from and become trapped in glomeruli
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what are the clinical signs of glomerulonephritis
created inflammatory response, cell lysis and fibrin deposition, proteinuria, lead to chronic renal failure
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what is nephrotic syndrome
breakdown of filtration process resulting in significant proteinuria, usually end-stage disease
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what is the main clinical sign of nephrotic syndrome
protein losing nephropathy PLN, leads to hypoabluminea - edema of body tissues
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what is pylonephritis
a bacterial infection of the kidneys and renal pelvis, usually ascending infection from the bladder via ureters
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clinical signs of pyelonephritis
pyrexia, lethargy, renal/flank/back palin, PUPD, `v
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treatment of pyelonephritis
antibiotic treatment
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what are the two types of renal neoplasia
renal lymphosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma
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what are the clinical signs of renal neoplasia
present with signs of renal failure, often have swollen, painful, kidneys
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treatment of kidney neoplasia
supportive care, nephrectomy (one kidney affected), chemotherapy
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what is polycystic kidney disease
replacement of normal renal tissue with fluid-filled cysts, heredity disease - usually affects persian and exotic shorthairs, results in CKD
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what is hydronephritis
swelling and distension of the kidney with urine due to urethral obstruction
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what is hydronephrosis caused by
ligation during abdominal surgery, narrowing due to scarring, uroliths, neoplasia
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what are the clinical signs of hydronephritis
present with signs of CKD
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what is the treatment of hydronephritis
removal of obstruction, nephrectomy
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what are the four causes of acute kidney injury

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ischemia, toxins, inflammation, obstruction

Card 3

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how does ischaemia cause acute kidney injury

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Card 4

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how do toxins cause acute kidney injury

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Card 5

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how does inflammation cause acute kidney injury

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