urban issues and challenges

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  • Created by: jessicate
  • Created on: 01-06-18 12:32
what is urbanisation?
the growth in the proportion of a country's population living in urban areas. it is caused by rural-urban migration and natural increase.
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where is urbanisation taking place most rapidly?
urbanisation happens earlier in HICs than it does in LICs. in HICs people move away from cities for a better life, but in LICs there is a higher amount of people moving towards cities for better lives.
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describe the trend in urbanisation in HICs
HICs have very slow rates of urban growth. lots of people desiring a better quality of life move away from cities to rural areas.
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three push factors that lead to rural-urban migration
natural disasters that mean people cant live in their homes anymore. mechanisation, less work for farmers to do. desertification can make land unproductive so people can no longer support themselves.
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give one factor other than migration that causes urbanisation
also caused by natural increase. this is when the birth rate is higher than the death rate. this is population growth.
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what is a megacity?
an urban area with over ten million people living there. there are now 34 megacities and more than two thirds of them are LICs or NEEs.
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how can industrialisation lead to economic development?
more people move to the cities to work in the factories. industries sell the goods they make internationally for a better profit. factories provide better wages than in rural areas.
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CASE STUDY-describe the economic opportunities offered by urban growth.
lagos-biggest city in africa. rapid growth of the city means there are lots of construction jobs. many of the banks, gov.s and manufact. ind.s are in lagos. thriving film and music industry. two major ports and a good fishing industry. better jobs.
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CASE STUDY-describe the socila challenges that have been caused by rapid urban growth in lagos
60% pop. in slums. flimsy, wooden huts. cant afford the one primary school. communal toilets, raw sewage, health problems. communal water point, 3km away. illegal electric connections. crime, self policed by 'area boys'
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describe the distribution of population in the uk
it is very uneven. there are conurbations, continuous urban areas over converged areas. these areas have the highest population density.
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why are most cities in the uk found in lowland areas?
this is because they are easy to build on and have a milder climate than upland areas. they also occur where there is good access to natural resources.
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describe how you could identify the rural-urban fringe on a map
this is on the edge of a city. it has farmland and open spaces as well as new housing developments. look for lots of short, curved streets and cul-de-sacs on the map
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explain how urban change in the uk can lead to oppourtunities.
redevelopment, new investment, venues, more attractive. immigrants attracted by low cost housing, multicultural now. innovative transport solutions. regenerated ares for more green space
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explain how urban changes in the uk can lead to deprivation.
industrial decline can cause a decrease in wealth. poor access to health care and other services. new estates sprawl onto greenfield sites. brownfield sites. rural-urban fringe under pressure from more development.
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why was regeneration needed in New Islington?
there were old cramped terraces that had housed factory workers. had a bad reputation. 50% of houses were empty. high unemploy. in the area and a lot of crime.
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what were the main features of the urban regeneration scheme in New Islington?
the gov. worked with private companies and local residents to improve the area. 1700 new homes were built and a new tram stop improved public links. community facilities built and more eco-friendly ways to live.
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how has migration influenced the character of Liverpool?
people moved from wales and ireland, the place developed building canals and railways. ships from around the world, immigrants that have made their own place including a chinatown-the first of its kind in europe. developed into a multicultural area.
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describe the economic opportunities that urban change has created in Liverpool.
the tourism and service sectors have created many employment oppourtunities and new buisness developments. there are integrated transport systems where a prepaid card is used. this makes transfers easier.
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describe two challenges that urban change has created in Liverpool.
industrial decline left much of liverpool's inner city very dreprived. some inner city areas have been redeveloped. existing housing has now been cleared and replaced with modern housing, which is too expensive for the people that were evicted.
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what is urban sprawl?
the unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside.
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give two environmental impacts of urban sprawl on the rural urban fringe.
large housing estates built on greenfield land provide a nice place to live at the cost of the environment. out-of-town developments take advantage of cheaper ground to build on. air n noise pollution.
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what is a commuter settlement?
places in the rural-urban fringe where the majority of the population leaves the town each day to work elsewhere.
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how might buisnesses in a village be affected if the village becomes a commuter settlement?
new housing developments affect the character, demand increases house prices for locals, buisnesses may suffer due to people spending money where they work, increased pollution due to travelling.
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what does sustainable urban living mean?
doing things in a way that lets the people living now have the things they need, without reducing the ability of people in the future to meet their needs.
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describe how water conservation schemes can help make a city more sustainable.
only as much water can be taken at can naturally be replaced. rainwater, more efficient appliances, water meters so people have to pay.
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explain the importance of green space for sustainable living in an urban environment.
green spaces helps to make sure these are the places where people want to live and work. they also have environmental benefits. they can be used for recreation. they provide a cooler quieter place to be.
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describe how waste recycling can help make cities more sustainable.
this means that fewer rescources are used. less waste is also produced which reduces the amount for landfil. decomposing landfil produces greenhouse gases.
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give two economic problems caused by traffic congestion in urban areas.
people tend to be late for work and meetings and lorry deliveries are delayed so buisnesses lose money.
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describe two different ways that public transport can be used to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas.
self service bycyles means that people can cycle to work and are cheaper than other forms of public tansport. park-and-ride means that people can use the public transport instead of all using their cars to get to work every day.
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give three strategies for managing traffic flow in urban areas, and explain how they work.
bus priority lanes stop buses being caught in traffic and make them more attractive to use than a car, car sharing schemes connect people with similar commutes so fewer cars needed, congestion charges stop cars entering the city centers at peak times
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

where is urbanisation taking place most rapidly?

Back

urbanisation happens earlier in HICs than it does in LICs. in HICs people move away from cities for a better life, but in LICs there is a higher amount of people moving towards cities for better lives.

Card 3

Front

describe the trend in urbanisation in HICs

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

three push factors that lead to rural-urban migration

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

give one factor other than migration that causes urbanisation

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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