Giant windmills harvest the wind to turn turbines. Each turbine has a generator inside it – the rotating blades turn the generator and produce electricity. There is no pollution however they do spoil the view and can be noisy.
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Solar Panels
The suns energy turns into chemical energy. In sunny countries solar power is a very reliable source of energy but only in the day time. Initial costs are high but after that energy is free and running costs are low.
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Geothermal
Hot springs use the earths heat to turn turbines. This is only possible in volcanic areas or where hot rocks lie quite near to the surface. This is free energy that’s reliable and has no negative consequences to the environment.
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Hydroelectric
Water is stored up behind a dam and used to turn turbines. Usually requires the flooding of a valley by building a big dam. Water is allowed out through the turbine. However, this can result in loss of habitat and reservoirs can look unsightly.
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Tidal barrages
Are big damns built across river estuaries with turbines in them. As the tide comes in it fills up the estuary. The water is then allowed to through the turbines at a controlled speed. There is no pollution however it prevents boat access
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Biomass/Biofuels
Plant and animal waste is burnt to produce heat energy. They can be solid, liquid or gas. They are carbon neutral however the burning of this vegetation produces C02 and methane emissions.
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Oil
Formed millions of years ago in places where dead organic material builds up on the bottom of oceans, riverbeds and swamps to create crude oil.
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Gas
Most gas is accessed by drilling vertically into the Earth’s surface to extract the gas contained for burning and generating electricity.
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Coal
Over millions of years ago the wood and other plant matter physically and chemically changed into coal. It is extracted through mining which bring the natural material to the surface.
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How does lubrication reduce frictional force?
When a force moves, a frictional force acts against it, this causes energy in the system to be dissipated. However, lubricants reduce the friction between the objects’ surfaces when they move.
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What is conduction?
When an object is heated particles collides with each other more often, vibrating more. During these collisions’ energy is transferred to kinetic energy.
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What is convection?
Regions of warmer and less dense air rise above denser, cooler regions. Therefore, energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions.
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How to prevent energy loss in the home?
• Thick walls made from low thermal conductivity material. • Loft insulation • Double-glazed windows • Cavity walls
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What affect does increase temperature have on the pressure?
For a gas at constant volume, increasing its temperature increases its pressure. As the particles are traveling quicker, it means they collide more with a larger momentum exerting a larger force.
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Current and Voltage over a fixed resistor?
Increase proportionally, resistance remains the same
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Current and Voltage over a filament lamp?
Increase but not proportionally, resistance increase
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Current and Voltage over a diode?
Increase but not proportionally due to the zeros.
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Describe AC?
Current flows back and forth and increases and decreases in size. The frequency is 50 hertz. This is the main voltage in the home; 230v.
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Describe DC?
The current travels in the same direction and is constant in size.
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Ammonia
NH3
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What are the advantages of an electron microscope?
• Higher resolution • Higher magnification
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Total magnification
Eye Piece Lens x Objective Lens
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What is resolution?
The ability to distinguish between two points
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Solar Panels
Back
The suns energy turns into chemical energy. In sunny countries solar power is a very reliable source of energy but only in the day time. Initial costs are high but after that energy is free and running costs are low.
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