15 members; Five permanent members, the P5, comprised of the USA, UK, China, France and Russia and ten non-permanent members which are rotated at different points for 2 year terms.
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Current non-permanent members of Security Council?
Argentina; Australia; Rwanda; Republic of Korea and Pakistan
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United Nations founding
The United Nations was established through the San Francisco Conference (April-June 1945) with a membership of now 193 states
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US's financial contribution to UN
$568,750,000 contribution in 2012 (largest)
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France and Britain economic downgrade
France AA1 and UK AA+
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NATO's initial role?
Keep the Russians out, the US in and the Germans down.
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NATO Expansion
12th March 1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland; 1st April 2009 Albania and Croatia; along with 7 other countries, some of which – like Estonia – were not just Warsaw Pact members but also part of the Soviet Union
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Future members of NATO?
Bosnia, Montenegro and Serbia
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Original and current membership of NATO?
12 original and 28 current
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Russia-NATO relations
2002 NATO-Russia Council attempting to bring cooperation between the two; worked on anti-terrorism together
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Which article was used for Afghanistan invasion?
Article 5 - if an armed attack occurs against one of the member states, it should be considered an attack against all members and all members shall assist the attacked member with armed forces if necessary
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NATO role in Afghanistan
2003 NATO took command of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
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NATO anti-terrorism response
9,000 strong rapid reaction swift deployment for trouble spots regarding terrorism
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Areas of failure for NATO?
Lack of involvement in Iraq and Mali (helped train Iraqi forces later)
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Areas of involvement for NATO?
Involved in Kosovo 1999 and Libya no fly zone 2011
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UN Military Intervention?
Korea 1950 and Gulf War 1991
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UN Peacekeeping?
1949 monitoring Kashmir region and 6,000 strong multinational force to act as a physical barrier between Israel and Egypt following the Suez crisis of 1956 (and allow to withdrawal of UK and French forces)
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Current UN Peacekeeping missions?
South Sudan; Afghanistan; Dafur; Kosovo; Congo; Syrian Golan Heights
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Stats for current UN peacekeeping missions?
14 currently ongoing; 92,233 military; 16,791 civilians; budget of $7.33 billion
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Tribunal examples
Former Yugoslavia which will finish this year; ongoing tribunals over the surviving leaders of Khmer Rouge
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Charles Taylor
Indictment in 2003 of Charles Taylor, former Liberian president, for his role in using amputations and **** to gain control in Sierra Leone’s diamond mines. He was found guilty of 11 cases of human rights abuses of the highest degree
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Millennium Goals?
Adopted by 189 countries and to be achieved by 2015
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Millennium Goals aim to combat?
Education, poverty, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, HIV/AIDs and malaria and environmental sustainability
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Poverty success?
Proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day has been halved in 2010 but one billion will still be living on this amount in 2015
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Disease success?
Polio and small pox have been near eradicated all over the world (WHO and UNICEF)
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Environmental Succcess?
All environmental initiatives have been done through the UN and most recently with Rio +20
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UN and Rwanda
Within 100 days 800,000 Hutus and moderate Tutsis were slaughtered in an act of genocide in 1994; Kofi Annan and other UN officials went to Rwanda to issue a direct apology for their actions
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Current UN peacekeeping failures?
Omar al Bashir (Chad for instance under the Rome Statute should have arrested him when he visited but didn't)
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Somalia intervention?
1992 and 1995 two-phase intervention from UN with 28,000 personnel failed to address root problems, now a failed state
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Security Council failings?
P5 veto use over Syria and Kosovo in 1999
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Current non-permanent members of Security Council?
Back
Argentina; Australia; Rwanda; Republic of Korea and Pakistan
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