One in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
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Substitution reaction
One in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms
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Electrophile
An atom (or group of atoms) that is attracted to an electron-rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
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Electrophilic substitution
A type of substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich centre/atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
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Reaction mechanism
A series of steps that, together, make up the overall reaction
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Curly arrow
A symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of covalent bonds
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Functional group
The part of an organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions
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Electronegativity
A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond
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Redox reaction
One which takes place with both oxidation and reduction occurring
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Reflux
The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry
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Nucleophile
An atom or group of atoms attracted to an electron-deficient centre, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
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Esterification
The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water
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Hydrolysis
A reaction with water or hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds
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LDLs
Molecules responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues
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HDLs
Molecules capable of removing cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilisation
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
One in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
Back
Addition reaction
Card 3
Front
One in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms
Back
Card 4
Front
An atom (or group of atoms) that is attracted to an electron-rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
Back
Card 5
Front
A type of substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich centre/atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
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