Unit 4 polymers flash cards

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What are the two types of polymer?
addition and condensation
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How is an addition polymer formed?
double bonds in the monomer is broken to to bond with other monomers forming long chain polymers
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How is a condensation polmer formed?
the monomers have two different functional groups that react together resulting in the loss of a small molecule like H2O
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How do polymers react to heat?
thermosetting polymers=char/burn, thermoplastic polymers=melt/soften
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What are the two types of poly(ethene)?
low density and high density
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What is low desity poly(ethene)?
a version of the molecule where there are many branches from the polymer chains resulting in a softer material with a low melting point
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What are the typical uses of LDPE?
packaging and electrical insulation
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What is high density ploy(ethene)?
a version of the molecule with little branching so the chains can get closer together, resulting in a stronger and more rigid material with a higher melting point
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How is HDPE formed?
using a Ziegler catalyst
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Why is PVC stronger than poly(ethene)?
the chlorine provies a permanent dipole which creates stronger intermolecular forces, PVC is brittle though as the big chlorine atoms mean that the chains cannot move past each other
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What are the three types of addition polymers?
Isotactic, Syndiotactic and Atactic
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What is an Isotatic addition polymer?
the functional groups are evenly spaced on the smae side of the molecule
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What is a Syndiotatic addition polymer?
the functional groups are evenly spaced and alternate between sides
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What is an Atatic addition polymer?
the functional groups are randomly positions
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How can a polymer be made stronger?
by either adding an electronegative atom to strengthen the intermolecular forces of by increasing the number of cross linkages (eg using sulphur to create vulcanised rubber)
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What mechanism and conditions does polymerisation use?
free radical mechanism, with high temperature, high pressure and a catalyst
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How is the repeating unit shown?
using square brackets and a small n to show a large number of repeats
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Give some examples of common addition polymers and their uses
Polythene-bags/packaging, polystyrene-packaging/insulation, PVC-window frames/guttering,
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What are the two main types of condensation polymer?
polyesters and polyamides(polypeptides)
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What is a polyester?
a polymer formed from monomers formed from a dicarboxylic acid and a diol reacting
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What is a polyamide?
a polymer formed from a monomer that is either an amino acid or a mixture of a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine
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What is Nylon-6,6?
a polyamide formed from the reaction between hexanedioic acid and hexane-1,6-diamine at 250degrees
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What is Nylon-6?
a polymer formed from the amino acid 6-aminohhexanoic acid
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Where does the water formed in the formation of a polyamide come from?
the OH comes from the carboxylic acid and the H from the amino acid
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What is terylene?
a polyester fromed from benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and ethane-1,2-diol.
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Are addition polymers biodegradable?
no, as they are chemically inert. But they are highly flamable so they can sometimes be recycled.
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Are condensation polymers biodegradable?
yes because they can undergo hydrolysis to break them down into their componant monomers
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How is an addition polymer formed?

Back

double bonds in the monomer is broken to to bond with other monomers forming long chain polymers

Card 3

Front

How is a condensation polmer formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How do polymers react to heat?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the two types of poly(ethene)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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