Unit 4 Amines

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How are primary, secondary or tertiary amines defined?
by the number of akly groups bonded to the N. Side chains are given the prefix N- rather than a number
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why are primary and secondary amines soluble in water?
they are able to form hydrogen bonding with the water molecules because of the N-H bond
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Why are the boiling points of amines lower than that of their respective alcohols?
The hydrogen bonding is weaker
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Why do ammonia and amines act as Bronsted-Lowery bases?
the nitrogen atom is able to accept a proton
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Why are amines weak bases?
they only partially react with water in solution
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Why are primary aliphatic amines stronger bases than ammonia?
due to the positive induction effect of the alkyl group, there is an electron density around the N, increasing the availability of the lone pair so it can react more readily
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Why are both amines and amonia able to act as nucleophiles?
they both have a lone pair on the N
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What are the two main ways an amine can react?
nucleophilic substitution with a haloalkane and Acylation with an acid clhoride or anhydride
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What are quanternary ammonium salts?
the product of further substitution of haloalkane in an excess of the halalkane which produce cationic surfactants
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What two ways can primary aliphatic amines be prepared in?
nucleophillic substitution of ammonia with a haloalkane and nucleophilic substitution of cyanide ions with haloalkanes
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How can aromatic amines be produced?
by the nitration of benzene to form nitrobenzene, which is reduced to aminobenzene by catalytic hydrogenation (H2/Ni)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

why are primary and secondary amines soluble in water?

Back

they are able to form hydrogen bonding with the water molecules because of the N-H bond

Card 3

Front

Why are the boiling points of amines lower than that of their respective alcohols?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why do ammonia and amines act as Bronsted-Lowery bases?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why are amines weak bases?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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