Unit 3 Biology

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  • Created by: tom
  • Created on: 11-05-13 12:43
osmosis is
movement of water molecules from a dilute to more concentrated solution
1 of 50
plant cells dont burst due to
cell wall
2 of 50
active transport is
movement of particles against concentration gradient and so requires energy
3 of 50
atp is
quick release energy released by respiration
4 of 50
More effective exchange surface if
large surface area, thin walls, close to blood supply, well ventilated
5 of 50
villi are.. and adapted how
cells lining the small intestines; each vill has micro villi which increase surface area for absorbing minerals; lots of mitochondria for releasing energy
6 of 50
in sweat we lose
water, ions (Mg & K - electrolytes)
7 of 50
process of inspiration
intercostals contract, diaphragm contracts, ribs move up and out - volume of lungs increase so pressure inside decreases - air brought in
8 of 50
process if expiration
intercostals relax, diaphragm relaxes, ribs move down and in - volume of lungs decrease so pressure increase - air breathed out
9 of 50
how a leaf is adapted for exchanging air/water
flat and thin - shortens diffusion path; guard cells in lower epidermis open/close stomata which controls amount of gas leaving plant; loosely packed cells increase surface area
10 of 50
role of pulmonary artry/vein, vena cava and aorta
deoxygenated blood goes from heart to lungs by pulmonary artery, absorbs oxygen, goes from lungs back to heart, aorta carries oxygenated blood around body, vena cava carries deoxygenated blood back to heart
11 of 50
how heart pumps
atria fill with blood; atria contract forcing blood down into ventricle, ventricles contract pumping blood around body
12 of 50
arteries...
oxygenated blood away from heart. high pressure so strong walls needed
13 of 50
veins...
deoxygenated blood back to heart, low pressure so thinner less stiff walls, valves to stop backflow
14 of 50
capillaries
1 cell thick, go deep into tissue so o2 can diffuse across
15 of 50
coronary artery...
continually supplies heart with oxygen and glucose
16 of 50
red blood cells...
transport oxygen; contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen, no nucleus, disc shape
17 of 50
white blood cells
defend body from pathogens - immune system
18 of 50
platelets...
fragments of cells, cause blood to clot
19 of 50
plasma
carries co2 to lungs, transports substance absorbed by digestion and urea to kidneys
20 of 50
phloem...
transport sugarrs made from photosyntheis, living cells
21 of 50
xylem...
transports water, dead cells, stiff/turgid
22 of 50
process of kidney filtration
water,glucose,ions,urea absorbed from blood - protein too big; all glucose is reabsorbed by blood; needed water and ions reabsorbed; urine made up of excess water and ions and urea
23 of 50
urea is made from
excess amino acids broken down in liver and transported to kidneys
24 of 50
kidney dialysis steps
human hooked up to dialysis machine; machine filters blood by constantly pumping dialysis fluid(low amounts of urea, ideal amounts of sugar and ions - enables diffusion); blood put back in body
25 of 50
kidney transplants
taking someone elses kidney and inserting it next to yours; antigens on surface attacked by body due to foreign tissue
26 of 50
adv/disadv of dialysis
adv: no drugs, more availble disadv: long regular sessions, less freedom, cautious diet
27 of 50
adv/disadv transplant
adv: more freedom, no special diet, no long sessions disadv: drugs mean likely disease,harder to get,rejection
28 of 50
temperature measured by
thermoregulatory centre in hypothalamus and skin receptors
29 of 50
when too cold:
arterioles constrict - less heat lost through radiation, muscles shiver - needs energy by respiration - heat released
30 of 50
when too hot:
arterioles dilate - more heat lost through radiation at skins surface, sweat evaporates taking heat energy with it
31 of 50
blood sugar too high:
pancreas produces insulin: converts glucose into glycogen; glucose enters cells
32 of 50
blood sugar too low:
pancreas produces glucagon; converts glycogen into glucose
33 of 50
type 1 diabete is
when pancreas doesnt make insulin - cant control sugar levels
34 of 50
control sugar level with type1 diabetes by
controlling diet, exercising, taking insulin
35 of 50
humans need land for
buildings, farming, dumping waste, quarrying - all these reduce bio diversity
36 of 50
air pollution caused by humans is
smoke- global dimming; co2 - global warming; sulphur- acid rain
37 of 50
water pollution caused by humans is
fertillizer gets into water- unwanted growth, bad for animals; toxic chemicals and sewage added to water- kills animals
38 of 50
land pollution caused by humans is
pesticides and herbicides- disrupt food chains
39 of 50
deforestation reduces co2 in air by
less co2 absorbed by trees, decaying vegetation/ burning wood releases co2 into air
40 of 50
methans added to air by
rice fields, livestock farting
41 of 50
more methane and co2 in air =
climate change, sea levels rise, distribution and migration of organisms change
42 of 50
biogas process
waste put into generator - anaerobic fermentation turns it into slurry (waste) and methane
43 of 50
conditions needed for biogas production
no oxygen, 30 degrees - if not then process stops
44 of 50
biogas mainly methane which is use for
cooking, heating etc
45 of 50
the more energy changes in a food chain means
more energy lost
46 of 50
each organism loses energy through
movement,respiration, keeping warm, faeces
47 of 50
factory farming
reduces movement and heat loss - unethical but less energy lost
48 of 50
control fish farming by
smaller nets, fishing quotas, no fishing during mating season or on mating ground - all hard to control
49 of 50
mycoprotein is
made from a fungus (fusarium), low fat high protein so alternate to meat
50 of 50

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

plant cells dont burst due to

Back

cell wall

Card 3

Front

active transport is

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

atp is

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

More effective exchange surface if

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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