unit 2 chem definitions

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  • Created by: cat
  • Created on: 02-06-13 12:18
Activation energy
the minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds
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addition polymer
a very long moleculer chain, formed by repeted addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers)
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addition reaction
a reaction in which the reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
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adsorption
the process that occurs when a gas, liquid or solute is held on to the surface of a solid or more rarely a liquid
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alkenes
the homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2
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atom economy
molecular mass of desired product / molecular mass of all products * 100
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average bond enthalpy
the average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission 1 mol of a given type of bond in the molecules of gaseous species
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Biodegradable material
A subatance that is broken down naturally in the environment by living organisms
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Boltzmann distribution
the distribution of energies of molecules at a particular temperature, usually shown as a graph
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catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process
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co-ordinate bond
A shared pair of electrons which has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only (also called a dative covalent bond)
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Covalent bond
A bond formed by a shared pair of eletrons
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Cracking
the breaking down of long chained saturated hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter chained alkanes and alkenes
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Curly arrow
A symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of a covalent bond
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Dehydration
An elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule
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Dynamic equilibrium
The equilibrium that exists in a closed system when the rate of the froward reaction is the same as the rate of the reverse reaction
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E/Z Isomerism
A type of stereoisomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon in the double dond may be arranged differently in space because of the restricted rotation of the carbon double bond
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Electronegativity
A measure of attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
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Electrophile
an atom or group of atoms that is attraced to an electron rich center or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
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Elimination reaction
The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule
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Endothermic reaction
A reaction in which the enthalpy of the products is greater than the enthalpy of the reactants, resulting in heat being taken in from the surroundings
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Standard enthalpy change of combustion
the enthalpy change that takes place when 1 mol of a substance reacts completely with oxygen under standard conditions, all reactants and products being in their standard states.
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Standard enthalpy change of formation
the enthaly change that takes place when 1 mol of a compound in its standard state if formed from its constituent elements in their standard states under standard conditions
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Standard enthalpy change of reaction
the enthalpy change that accompanies a raection in the molar quantities expressed in a chemical equation under standard conditions, all reactants and products being in their standard states.
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Enthalpy cycle
A diagram showing alternative routes between reactants and products that alllows the indirect detemination of an enthalpy change form other known enthalpy changes using hess's law
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Enthalpy profile diagram
A diagram for a reaction to compare to compare the enthalpy of the reactants with the enthalpy of the products
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Exothermic reaction
A reaction in which the enthalpy of the products is smaller than the enthalpy of the reactants. resulting in heat loss to the surroundings
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Fractional distillation
the seperation of the components in a liquid mixture in to fractions which differ in boiling point. by means of distilation using a fractionating column
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Fragmentation
the process in mass
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

addition polymer

Back

a very long moleculer chain, formed by repeted addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers)

Card 3

Front

addition reaction

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

adsorption

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

alkenes

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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cat

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This was published before I finished it. I will make another one that continues from fragmentation.

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