Unit 2 - Cells (Flashcards)

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Unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life
metabolism, response, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, nutrition
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Multicellular organisms show emergent properties
whole is more than the sum of parts ie. brain
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stem cells
retain the capacity to divide and have the ability to differentiate along different pathways
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Binary fission
means of prokaryotic division
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Tumor (cancer) cells are the result of...
uncontrollable cell division, and can occur in any organ
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Interphase is an active period of life where metabolic reactions occur
protein synthesis, DNA replication, increase in number of mitochondria and chloroplasts, cell differentiation
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G1
synthesis of various proteins, allows cell to specialize
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S
replication of DNA
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G2
preparation for mitosis, replication of mitochondria
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Diffusion
passive movement of GAS or LIQUID particles from a region of high concentration to low
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Osmosis
passive movement of WATER across a partially permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration, to higher solute. Balances out solution.
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What cell processes involves mitosis?
Growth, embryonic development, tissue repair, asexual reproduction
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Function of membrane protein: Channel Protein
allows movement of large molecules across plasma membrane
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Function of membrane protein: Receptor protein
detects hormones arriving at cell to signal changes in function
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Function of membrane protein: Enzyme
makes reactions easier to occur
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Electron carriers
used in photosynthesis and respiration
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Prokaryotic Cell: Cell wall
made up of protein sugars, gives cell shape, protects from external damage, prevents from excessive uptake of water
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Prokaryotic Cell: Plasma membrane
controls which materials enter and leave the cells, selectively permeable, active and passive transport
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Prokaryotic Cell: Cytoplasm
watery fluid, contains enzymes that control metabolic reactions, contains organelles in cell
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Prokaryotic Cell: Pili
thin protein tubes - attachment pili (attach to other cells) conjugation pili (longer, build a bridge between cytoplasms in two cells and allow plasmid transfer)
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Prokaryotic Cell: Flagella
Long thread like structure, made of protein, allow bacterium to move
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Prokaryotic Cell: Ribosome
contains RNA and proteins, play a role in protein synthesis. Less dense than euk ribosomes.
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Prokaryotic Cell: Nucleoid Region
contains DNA and genetic material, area which all processes of cell are controlled.
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Eukaryotic Cell: Ribosome (free)
site of protein synthesis
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Eukaryotic Cell: Rough endoplasmic Reticulum
site of protein synthesis
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Eukaryotic Cell: Lysosome
digests old cell organelles via endocytosis, can kill cell.
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Eukaryotic Cell: Golgi Apparatus
intracellular transport, packages proteins
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Eukaryotic Cell: mitochondriom
releases energy
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Eukaryotic Cell: Nucleus
controls activity of cell, transcribes genes
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DNA associated with proteins?
Eukaryotic
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Circular DNA?
Prokaryotic
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DNA enclosed in nuclear evelope?
Eukaryotic
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Ways to control surface area: volume ratio?
protruding extensions, flattening the cell
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If a cell becomes too large, its _______ becomes too long to be efficient
diffusion distance
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

whole is more than the sum of parts ie. brain

Back

Multicellular organisms show emergent properties

Card 3

Front

retain the capacity to divide and have the ability to differentiate along different pathways

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

means of prokaryotic division

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

uncontrollable cell division, and can occur in any organ

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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