unit 2 biology

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what's haemoglobin?
large protein with a quaternary structure each chain has a haem group which contains iron and gives haemoglobin its red colour
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how many oxygen molecules can each human haemoglobin carry?
4
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what's the reaction between haemoglobin and oxygen in the lungs?
Oxygen joins to haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin (reversible) Hb+4O₂HbO₈
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why does haemoglobins affinity for oxygen vary?
it depends on the conditions its in
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what is one of the conditions that affects haemoglobins affinity for oxygen?
the partial pressure of oxygen
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what is the partial pressure of oxygen?
measure of oxygen concentration. The greater the conc of dissolved oxygen in cells, the higher the partial pressure.
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what happens as the partial prssure of oxygen increases?
haemoglobins oxygen affinity increases
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what happens where there's a high partial pressure of oxygen?
oxygen loads on to haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
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what happens where there's a low partial pressure of oxygen?
oxyhaemoglobin unloads its oxygen
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why are there different types of haemoglobin?
Different organisms have different types of haemoglobin with different oxygen transporting capacities. It depends on their size, the environment and how active they are.
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what type of heamoglobin would organisms have in low oxygen environments?
organisms have haemoglobin with higher affinity for oxygen than human haemoglobin. Dissociation curve of their haemoglobin is to the right of ours.
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what type of haemoglobin would organisms with high activity levels have?
active organisms with a high oxygen demand have haemoglobin with a lower affinity for oxygen than human haemoglobin. Dissociation of their haemoglobin is to the right of ours
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what type of haemoglobin would small mammals have?
They have haemoglobin with a lower affinity for oxygen than human haemoglobin. Dissociation curve of their haemoglobin is to the right of ours.
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what is the structure of an animal cell?
Plasma membrane-holds cell together+controls what goes in+out. Mitochondria-where reactions for respiration take place. Ribosomes-where proteins are made.Nucleus-contains genetic material that controls cell.Cytoptoplasm-most reactions occur here.
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what's the structure of a plant cell?
Plant cells have all the bits animal cells have+extra bits. Rigid cell wall-made of cellulose. Supports+strengthens the cell. Permanent vacuole-contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar+salts.Chloroplasts-where photosynthesis occurs, makes food.
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what's the structure of a chloroplast?
double membrane envelope. thylakoids. grana-stack of thylakoids. stroma-liquid. ribosomes.
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what's the structure of cellulose?
component of plant cell walls. Made of long-unbranched chains of beta-glucose.formed by condensation reaction. 2nd beta glucose flipped upside down. chains linked by hydrogen bonds.
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what's the structure of starch?
starch is a mixture of amylose and amylopectin. amylose-long unbranched chain of alpha glucose. amylopectin-long branched chain of alpha glucose.
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what's the structure of glycogen?
main energy storage unit in animals. long branched chain of alpha glucose. more branches than amylopectin
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Card 2

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how many oxygen molecules can each human haemoglobin carry?

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4

Card 3

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what's the reaction between haemoglobin and oxygen in the lungs?

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Card 4

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why does haemoglobins affinity for oxygen vary?

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Card 5

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what is one of the conditions that affects haemoglobins affinity for oxygen?

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