Unit 1 - HEARTS 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyHealth, illness and diseaseASAQA Created by: alicia6939Created on: 13-02-14 09:39 What is meant by a risk factor? Something that increases the probability of suffering from a disease 1 of 12 What are the risk factors of CHD? Age and sex, genetic factors, smoking, high blood pressure, high concentration of LDLs 2 of 12 Where are the atrioventricular valves found? Between the atria and ventricles 3 of 12 What is meant by atrial systole? Contraction on the atria 4 of 12 Give 2 ways in which the cardiac output is increased after vigorous exercise? Increased heart rate; Increased stroke vol; 5 of 12 Explain the advantage of the increase in the rate of blood flow to heart muscle during exercise? More blood pumped out each beat / increase in stroke volume 6 of 12 Explain the link between atheroma and the increased risk of aneurism? Fatty material within walls of arteries; Vessels narrow; Blood pressure rises; Weakened blood vessels may burst; 7 of 12 Explain what causes the blood pressure in the aorta to be higher than in the pulmonary artery? Left ventricle has thicker / more muscle; 8 of 12 Explain the meaning of the term atheroma Fatty substances/foam cells in artery wall/under endothelium; 9 of 12 Explain why atheroma may lead to a blood clot. Narrows artery; Damage to endothelium; 10 of 12 Suggest two ways in which prolonged high blood pressure may affect the arteries. Muscle in artery walls becomes thicker; Aneurysm / ballooning of artery walls may occur; Damage to endothelium (so foam cells enter); 11 of 12 The sinoatrial node (SAN) is in the right atrium of the heart. Describe the role of the sinoatrial node. Sends out electrical activity/ impulses; Initiates the heartbeat / acts as a pacemaker / (stimulates) contraction of atria; 12 of 12
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