Changes in the position of women - law/divorce/equality/education. Decline in IMR - high survival rates - better living conditions/heathcare. Children are an economic liability - full time education. Child centerness -family sizes decrease.
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Births: Changes in Fertility - Effects
Public Services - less schools and day care are needed. Families are richer because they have less children to provide for. Women can work more as less children to care for.
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Births: The Dependency Ratio
The Dependency Ratio reduced as there are less children to care for
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Migration: Emigration
Better economic climate, NHS, employment opportunities. Assisted passage schemes introduced for political and ideological reasons.
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Migration: Recent and Future Patterns - The Dependecny Ratio
Reduces dependency ratio as migrants usually work. Women usually have high fertility rates so it increases. Reduces average age lowering it again.
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Death: Aging Population - Effect
More one person families. Increase in dependency ratio. More public services needed. Due to declining IMR, IFR and increased life expectancy.
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Death: Decline in Death Rate
Medical improvement. Public health measures and environmental improvements. Improved nutrition increases resistance to infection.
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Death: McKeown
Argues improved nutrition accounts for half the decrease in mortality rates.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Public Services - less schools and day care are needed. Families are richer because they have less children to provide for. Women can work more as less children to care for.
Back
Births: Changes in Fertility - Effects
Card 3
Front
The Dependency Ratio reduced as there are less children to care for
Back
Card 4
Front
Better economic climate, NHS, employment opportunities. Assisted passage schemes introduced for political and ideological reasons.
Back
Card 5
Front
Reduces dependency ratio as migrants usually work. Women usually have high fertility rates so it increases. Reduces average age lowering it again.
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