Unit 1 - cognitive psychology.

unit 1:

section 1: cognitive psychology

- models of memory.

- memory in everyday life.

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multi-store model of memory.
designed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968. Consists of 2 stores; STM ( short term memory) and LTM ( long term memory). Both stores have different capacity, duration and encoding
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STM
STM: has a limited capacity (7 +/- 2 chunks), short duration ( seconds), is encoded acoustically ( via sound).
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LTM
LTM: has a potentially unlimited capacity, the duration is possibly lifelong and the encoding is semantic ( via meaning).
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Jacobs 1987
Researched into capacity in STM. Asked P's to recall an increasing amount of numbers or letters and repeat them in order. Found on average recall increased with age. Found STM has limited capacity.
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Jacobs 1987 - limitations.
Research is artificial. It can not be generalised to real life situations therefor has low ecological validity.
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Stages of remembering information.
Stage 1 - information is perceived ( seen/heard). Stage 2 - information is transferred to STM where it is maintained by rehearsal. Stage 3 - information is transferred to LTM.
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Evaluation of the multi-store model.
The model is: simple, easily tested, recall makes more sense, simple, does not exmplain fully the complaints of human memory and research evidence supports the idea of different types of memory.
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Working memory model.
The working memory model is more complex than the multi-store model as it focuses mainly on STM,
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3 components of the working memory model:
Central executive, articulatory-phonological loop and the viso-spatial working area.
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Central executive.
Processes information from all sensory routes; This is attention like and has a limited capacity.
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Articulatory-Phonological Loop.
processes speech based information.
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Viso-Spatial Working Area.
Processes spatial and visual information, also known as visuo-spatial scratchpad.
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Extra information on WMM.
Both the articulatory-phonological loop and the viso-spatial scratchpad have limited capacity so using the same system at the same time affects performance.
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Evaluation of the working memory model.
The model suggests rehearsal is an optional process. More realistic then the multi-store model of memory. Ideas of a single central executive may be inaccurate. Very little is known about the function of the central executive.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

STM

Back

STM: has a limited capacity (7 +/- 2 chunks), short duration ( seconds), is encoded acoustically ( via sound).

Card 3

Front

LTM

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Jacobs 1987

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Jacobs 1987 - limitations.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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