UNIT 1

?
  • Created by: kate
  • Created on: 09-12-13 19:32
Clones?
Genetically identical cells or organisms derived from one parent cell
1 of 52
Cytokinesis?
When the cytoplasm divides or cleaves.
2 of 52
Binary Fission?
A method of cell division in bacteria. The DNA replicates and the cell divides into 2, each having the same DNA as the parent cell (NO MITOSIS)
3 of 52
Vegetative Propagation?
When plants under go asexual reproduction using specialist parts of the plant that are derived from adult plant cells.
4 of 52
Prokaryote?
A cell that doesnt contain a true nucleus (bacteria)
5 of 52
How does bacteria divide?
By binary fission
6 of 52
Totipotent?
Stem cells from young embryos that can divide into any of the cell types found in an adult
7 of 52
Pluripotent?
Stem cells found in small numbers in adult tissue
8 of 52
What are meristem cells?
Undifferentiated plant cells capable of rapid cell division
9 of 52
Where are meristems located in a plant?
at the room and shoot tips and in a ring of tissues in the stem or trunk.
10 of 52
In animal cells where does cytokinesis start?
From the outside, nipping in the cell membrane and cytoplasm along a 'cleavage furrow'
11 of 52
In plant cells where does cytokinesis start?
With the formation of a cell plate where the spindle equator was.
12 of 52
Explain cytokinesis in a plant cell
1. A cell plate forms where the spindle equator was 2. the cell lays down the new membrane and cell wall material along plate.
13 of 52
What is the cell plate like (the one formed at cytokinesis in a plant cell)
Not a solid structure but a single plane along which the new cell wall forms
14 of 52
How do cells of yeast undergo cytokinesis?
By budding which is producing a small bud that nips off the cell
15 of 52
What does sexual reproduction involve?
Fusing of 2 cell nuclei in order to produce off spring
16 of 52
Genome?
All the genetic material inside an organism or cell
17 of 52
Gametes?
Cells containing half the adult number of chromosomes. Haploid number of chromosomes
18 of 52
Zygote?
Diploid number of chromosomes. Made by the fusion of gametes
19 of 52
What type of cell division is responsible for producing gametes?
Meiosis
20 of 52
Give 2 ways meiosis differs from mitosis..
1. Meiosis produces cells containing half the number of chromosomes 2. Meiosis produces cells that are genetically different from each other and the parent cell.
21 of 52
What do normal adult cells genome consist of?
A pair of homologous chromosomes, each containing different versions of the same gene.
22 of 52
In meiosis, why would the haploid daughter cells differ?
because they contain the particular alleles of each gene found on the members of the homologous pairs the receive.
23 of 52
During meiosis, what goes into each daughter cell?
one member of each homologous pair
24 of 52
Differentiation
The changes occuring the celss of a multicellular organism so that each different type of cell become specialised to perform a specific function
25 of 52
Give 3 ways cells can differentiate
1. Number of a particular organelle 2. The shape of the cell 3. some of the contents of the cell
26 of 52
Where are all blood cells produced?
From undifferentiated stem cells in the bone marrow
27 of 52
How are erythrocytes differentiated?
By loosing their nucleus, mitochondria, golgi apparatus and rer. Packed full of haemoglobin and become biconcave in shape.
28 of 52
How are cells designed to become neutrophils(a type of white blood cell)
Keep their nucleus, cytoplasm appears granular become of the amount of lysosomes produces
29 of 52
What is the role of a neutophil?
To ingest invading microorganisms
30 of 52
What is an organ?
A collection of tissues working together to perform a particular function
31 of 52
Organ system?
Made up of a number of organs working together to perform an overall life function
32 of 52
Tissues?
A collection of cells that are similar to each other and perform a common function
33 of 52
Cambium?
Plant tissue in the stem and roots that contains dividing cells
34 of 52
Parenchyma?
Relatively unspecialised cell- they may be able to photosynthesise, store food or support young plants
35 of 52
What are characteristics of parenchyma?
contain living contents and thin, permeable cellulose walls.
36 of 52
What do xylem tissues consist of?
xylem vessels with parenchyma cells and fibres
37 of 52
What do phloem tissues consist of?
sieve tubes and companion cells
38 of 52
What are the 4 groups animal tissue are categorised into?
epithelial tissue,connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue
39 of 52
Role of epithelial tissue?
layers and lining
40 of 52
Connective tissue?
Holds structures together and provides support
41 of 52
Muscle tissue?
cells specialise to contract and move parts of the body
42 of 52
nervous tissue?
cells that can convert stimuli to electrical impulses and conduct those impulses
43 of 52
What are squamous epithelial tissues made up of?
Cells that are flattened so are very thin
44 of 52
What do squamous epithelial tissue make up?
the lining of insides of tubes (e.g. blood vessels) where fluids can pass easily over them. thin walls such as the walls of the alveoli in lungs
45 of 52
What are the squamous cells help in place by?
Basement membrane
46 of 52
What is the basement membrane made of?
Glycoproteins and collagen
47 of 52
What is the role of the basement membrane?
Attaches epithelial cells to connective tissue
48 of 52
What are ciliated epithelial tissues make up of?
column shaped cells
49 of 52
Where is the ciliated epithelial tissues often found?
on the inner surface of tubes
50 of 52
4 requirements of photosynthesis?
light, carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll
51 of 52
Guard cells?
specialised cells that appear in pairs on the lower epidermis
52 of 52

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Cytokinesis?

Back

When the cytoplasm divides or cleaves.

Card 3

Front

Binary Fission?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Vegetative Propagation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Prokaryote?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all CELLS resources »