Unit 10 The variety of life

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Name the four structures of haemoglobin
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
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If haemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen, what does this mean?
The haemoglobin will take up oxygen more easily but release it less readily.
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What does loading mean?
Haemoglobin combining with oxygen
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What does dissociating mean?
Haemoglobin releasing its oxygen.
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If haemoglobin takes up oxygen less readily but releases it more readily it has...
a low affinity for oxygen.
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What does a haem group contain?
Ferrous ion (Fe2+) which can in turn combine with a single O2 molecule.
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Does the gas exchange surface have a high/low oxygen concentration?
High
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Do respiring tissues have a high/low oxygen concentration?
Low
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Is the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas exchange surface high or low?
Low
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Is the carbon dioxide concentration in the respiring tissues high or low?
High
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What is the affinity for oxygen like in the gas exchange surface?
High
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What is the affinity for oxygen like in the respiring tissues?
Low
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If an oxygen dissociation curve is more to the left the organism has a...
High haemoglobin affinity for oxygen
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A low affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen would put an oxygen dissociation curve
further to the right
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What is the Bohr effect?
The greater the concentration of carbon dioxide, the more readily the haemoglobin releases its oxygen
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Why does carbon dioxide affect the rate at which oxygen is loaded onto haemoglobin?
Dissolved carbon dioxide is acidic and the low pH causes haemoglobin to change shape, affecting how much oxygen can be loaded.
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What type of glucose molecules are found in starch?
a-glucose
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How are the a-glucose molecules linked in starch and by what reaction?
Glycosidic bonds, linked by condensation reactions.
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Why is starch suited for storage?
Insoluble, does not diffuse out of cells, compact and when hydrolysed forms a-glucose which is easily transported and used for respiration.
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How is glycogen different to starch?
shorter chains and is more highly branched.
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Where is glycogen stored in animals?
The muscles and the liver
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What type of glucose is cellulose made of?
B-glucose
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How are glycosidic links formed in cellulose?
by each B-glucose molecule must be rotated 180degrees compared to its neighbour.
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Why do hydrogen bonds form between cellulose chains?
Because they form in straight, unbranched chains which run parallel to one another. this allows hydrogen bonds to form.
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What are grana?
stacks of up to 100 thylakoids. Where the first stage of photosynthesis takes place.
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What is a thylakoid?
a disc-like structure which contains chlorophyll.
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Where does the second stage of photosynthesis take place?
The stroma.
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What are the functions of the cellulose cell wall?
to give mechanical strength to the plant, the cells and to allow water to pass along it.
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Card 2

Front

If haemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen, what does this mean?

Back

The haemoglobin will take up oxygen more easily but release it less readily.

Card 3

Front

What does loading mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does dissociating mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

If haemoglobin takes up oxygen less readily but releases it more readily it has...

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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