Unit B453- Skeletal system

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What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system?
Stores minerals and vitamins, Protects vital organs, Shapes and Support, Movement, blood production
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What are joints?
Where two or more bones meet.
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What are joints responsible for?
Movement that the human body can produce
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Give some examples of where joints are
Knees, Elbows, toes , fingers, shoulders, hips
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Name the two different joints
Ball and socket, hinge
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Ball and socket description
Allows a wide range of movement and occurs when a round head of bone fits into a cup shaped depression. Eg the shoulder joint.Eg. Athlete throwing a javelin when the shoulder allows the upper arm to move effectively.
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Hinge Description
This allows movement in one plane only (uniaxial). Eg the knee joint. Eg when sprinting, the knee joint allows flexion and extension of the lower leg.
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Describe Flexion
Bending of the joint, for example bending the arm at the elbow
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Describe Extension
Straightening, for example, straightening the arm at the elbow
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Describe Rotation
Twisting part of the body in relation to the rest of it, for example turning your head
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Describe Abduction
Moving part of the body away from an imaginary centre line, for example moving one leg out to the side
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Describe Adduction
Moving part of the body closer to an imaginary center line, for example bringing the legs together
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What is a joint capsule?
An outer sleeve that protects and holds the knee together.
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Whats the synovial membrane?
it lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid
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Whats synovial fluid?
A liquid that lubricates the joint , allowing it to move freely. Prevents friction, osteoarthritis, found in synovial joint, provides shape
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What is a ligament?
They join bone to bone, they are bands of connective tissue that are very tough and resilient and they prevent movements that are extreme and help to stop dislocation
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What is cartilage?
A soft connective tissue, It has no blood supply but receives nutrition through diffusion from the surrounding capillary network, shock absorber. Found in places with a lot of stress eg-Knee.doesnt heal well due to no blood supply-provides shape
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Name problems associated with joints
Inflammation of the joints, causes pain and difficulty moving around, take control of symptoms by having healthy lifestyle and have a good quality of life.
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What is osteoarthritis?
A result of ageing- causes joints to be painful and stiff, Friction between the bones. Any joint can get affected, especially, knees, hips and small joints in hands.
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What is Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
When a persons immune system attacks cells within the joint capsule. If you smoke or are obese, then this increases your chances of getting RA.
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How can you minimise the general reduction of stress on joints?
Easy exercise, eg swimming, Eating a good balanced diet, get accupuncture- Medicine, appropriate equipment.
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Long term Effects of training on the skeletal system.
Ligaments get stronger, more stable and sturdy. Increase the strength and density in the bones by doing exercise.
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Short term Effects of training on the skeletal system.
Lubrication of the joints (more synovial fluid)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are joints?

Back

Where two or more bones meet.

Card 3

Front

What are joints responsible for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give some examples of where joints are

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name the two different joints

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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