A d-block element that forms an ion with a partially filled d sub-shell/orbital
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Which d-block elements are not transition metals and why?
Scandium only forms Sc3+ ion which has empty d-orbitals. Zinc only forms Zn2+ ions where the d-orbitals are completely full
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What are the distinctive properties of transition metals?
Variable oxidation states, Make good catalysts, Coloured compounds
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Name four processes that utilise a transition metal as a catalyst
Haber Process (production of ammonia) uses Iron. Contact Process (converting sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide) uses Vanadium (V) oxide. Hydrogenation of alkenes uses Nickle. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide uses Manganese (IV) oxide
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Define a complex ion
A transition metal ion that is bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds (dative covalent bonds)
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Define ligand
A molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons with the transition metal ion to form a coordinate bond
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What is the stability constant, Kstab?
The stability constant is the equilibrium constant for the equilibrium between a transition metal ion surrounded by water ligands and the complex formed when the ion has undergone a ligand substitution
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Colour changes Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -> Cu(OH)2(s)
pale blue solution to a pale blue precipitate
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Colour changes Co2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -> Co(OH)2(s)
Pink solution to a blue precipitate
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Colour changes Fe2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -> Fe(OH)2(s)
Pale green solution forms a green precipitate (rust/brown in air)
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