Unit 5 chemistry key words 0.0 / 5 ? Applied ScienceChemistryBTEC NationalAll boards Created by: Bree-FfionnCreated on: 11-09-19 15:33 Amphoteric substance that can act as both an acid and a base 1 of 36 Acid A compound containing hydrogen that dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions 2 of 36 Base A compound that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water 3 of 36 Alkali A base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions. 4 of 36 Salt A compound formed by an acid-base reaction where the hydrogen in the acid has been replaced by a metal ion 5 of 36 Electrolysis The decomposition of a compound using electricity 6 of 36 Complex ions A transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by dative covalent bonds. 7 of 36 Ligand A molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons to the transition metal ion to form a dative bond. 8 of 36 Catalyst A substance that speeds up a reaction. It can take part in the reaction but is left unchanged at the end of the reaction. 9 of 36 Activation energy The minimum amount of energy needed by the reactants for collisions to result in a reaction taking place. 10 of 36 Refractory material Material that is physically and chemically stable at very high temperatures 11 of 36 Bauxite Aluminium ore 12 of 36 Slurry Semi-liquid mixture containing fine solid particles 13 of 36 Flocculants Substances that causes particles to clump and so settle out of a liquid. 14 of 36 Sedimentation Small solid particles settling at the bottom of a liquid 15 of 36 Aliphatic Hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains 16 of 36 Alicyclic Hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure 17 of 36 Aromatic Hydrocarbon containing at least one benzene ring 18 of 36 IUPAC nomennclature System of the international union of pure and applied chemistry for naming organic compounds 19 of 36 Saturated compounds Contains single bonds only 20 of 36 Organic compounds Compound based on a carbon structure 21 of 36 Isomers Two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the compound and so have different properties 22 of 36 Reaction mechanism the step by step sequence of reactions that lead to an overall chemical charge occurring. 23 of 36 Halogenation Addition of halogen such as bromine or chlorine to an alkane 24 of 36 Homolytic fission Formation of a free radical by splitting a bond evenly so each free radical has one of the two available electrons. 25 of 36 Free radical Atom with a single unpaired electron 26 of 36 Electrophilic addition A reaction using an electrophile where two or more molecules bond to become one product. 27 of 36 Mean bond enthalpy The average amount of energy for a mole of a given bond to undergo homolytic fission in the gaseous state 28 of 36 Electrophiles Species that are electron-pair acceptors and are attracted to areas of high electron density. 29 of 36 Addition reaction A reaction where two or more molecules join together to give a single product. 30 of 36 Cracking Long chain hydrocarbons are broken down into shorter chain hydrocarbons 31 of 36 Petrochemical industry Industry that produces materials by refining petroleum. 32 of 36 Surroundings Everything that is not apart of the system. 33 of 36 Kelvin scale A temperature scale with absolute zero as zero. 34 of 36 Exothermic reaction A reaction that releases energy 35 of 36 Endothermic reaction A reaction that absorbs energy 36 of 36
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