Unit 5 cardiovascular system

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State the function of the aorta
To take oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the body
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State the function of the superior vena cava
Takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the brain/head
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State the function of the pulmonary vein
Takes oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs
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State the function of the pulmonary artery
Takes deoxygenated blood away from the heart and into the lungs
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What is meant by tachycardia
When heart rate is above 100bpm at rest
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What is meant by brachycardia
When heart rate is below 60bpm at rest
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What is meant by Sinus arrhythmia
This is an irregular heart rate that is shown on an ECG monitor
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What is meant by a flat line
There is no heart rate detected - resuscitation is needed or the patient has died
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What are the features of the arteries
- relatively thick wall - elastic fibres - smooth muscle - lined with smooth layers of endothelial cells - narrow lumen
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What is the function of the arteries
Take blood away from the heart Withstand high bp Alter diameter of lumen to vary blood flow Allows wall to stretch when bloods pumped into artery and then recoil smoothing blood flow Low friction surface to ease blood flow
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What are the features of the veins
- relatively thin wall - wide lumen - valves - very little smooth muscle or elastic fibres
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What is the function of the veins
Takes blood towards heart Blood is under low pressure Large volume acts as blood reservoir No pulse of blood; no stretching or recoiling Valves prevent backflow of blood
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What are the features of the capillaries
Very thin - one cell thick Small lumen
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What is the function of the capillaries
Allows rapid exchange between blood and tissues Links arteries and veins
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What antigens are present in the red blood cell of group A
A-antigen
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What antigens are present in the red blood cell of group B
B-antigen
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What antigens are present in the red blood cell of group AB
A&B antigens
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What antigens are present in the red blood cell of group O
There are no antigens present here - universal donors
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What are the antibodies present in plasma for group A
Anti-B
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What are the antibodies present in plasma for group AB
No antibodies present - universal recipients
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What are the antibodies present in plasma for group O
Anti-A and Anti-B
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What is meant by universal donors
Can give blood to any of the ABO system this applies to group O only
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What is meant by universal recipients
Can receive blood from anyone this applies to group AB only
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Why is it important to match blood types when having transfusions
Blood cells will not clump together/agglutinate. This can be fatal
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What is the Rhesus system
Classifies blood either Rh-negative. This is an inherited blood protein that's not present in the RBC and Rh-positive
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What rhesus type can give to who
Rh-positive can receive Rh-negative blood Rh-negative cannot receive Rh-positive blood
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What does the P wave of the ECG represent
Time of atrial systole (depolarisation); the contraction of the atria
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What does the QRS complex represent
Time for ventricular systole (depolarisation); contracting of ventricles
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What does the T wave represent
Time of ventricular diastole (repolarisation); relaxation of the ventricles
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What is meant by CVD
General term for conditions affecting the heart and/or blood vessels
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How can diet lead to CVD
Lipoproteins, salt levels are the main causes - can be affect blood cholesterol
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How can age affect CVD
Elasticity and width of arteries decrease with age
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How does high bp affect CVD
It shouldn't be above 140Hg systolic and 90Hg diastolic
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How can genetics affect CVD
Inherited genetics - high bp Poor cholesterol metabolism Easily damaged arteries - relative HDL and low LDL levels in blood
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How can gender affect CVD
Oestrogen in women gives them protection from CVD before the menopause
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How can exercise affect CVD
More exercise that someone does reduces risk of CVD by lowering bp and raising HDL levels (good cholesterol)
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How does smoking affect CVD
Chemicals in smoking physically damage artery lining and causes them to constrict
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

State the function of the superior vena cava

Back

Takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the brain/head

Card 3

Front

State the function of the pulmonary vein

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

State the function of the pulmonary artery

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is meant by tachycardia

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

Deeya.C

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amazing, thank you sm!!

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