Unit 4 History.

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  • Created by: cieran_10
  • Created on: 23-01-18 23:18
In 1943, when Germany struggled greatly, how many attempts were made to assassinate Hitler?
Four.
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Who lead the July 1944 bomb plot and who was he to the Nazis?
Colonel Claus Graf Von Stauffenberg, who was a member of the German nobility and an army officer, who agreed with the Nazis policies of nationalism.
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What a happened to Graf’s passion for the Nazis leaderships as the war progressed?
He became disillusioned.
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What did Graf hate most about the Nazis?
Their anti-Semitic policies.
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What dis Graf loose when he fought the Allies in Tunisia in 1942?
His left eye, his right hand and two fingers on his left hand.
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What did Graf think should work, to get Germany out of distaster?
Remove Hitler; he wa driving it.
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Did Graf meet people that shared his views and if so where?
Yes, when he was recovering in Germany.
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Which two people lead the resistance group that Graf joined?
Ludwig Black and Henning Von Treschow.
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What did Grafs resistance group aim to do? (2.)
The murder of Hitler and to initaitate Operation Valkyrie.
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What was Operation Valkyrie?
An emergency order that would use the reserve army to remove the ** Anschluss Gestapo.
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What was happening to the resistant group by th3 summer of 1944?
The Gestapo were closing in on them.
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What happened to the reserve army on the 1st of July 1944 anécdotas what’s did this mean?
Graf became the Chief of Staff to the Reserve Army, this meant that he often had direct contact with Hitler.
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How many Hitler murder attempt were postponed by Graf in July of 1944?
2.
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What’s was the plan to kill Hitler by Graf?
To bering a case of explosives to a meeting with Hitler, to then detonate it and escape before it went off.
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When and where was the meeting that Hilter would be killed at?
The 20th Of Juky 1944 at 12:30, at Hitler’s East Prussia headquarters at Rastenburg.
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What did Graf do when the meeting began?
He excused himself.
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What did Graf do when he was in the washroom/when he excused himself?
He fixed a detonator into an explosive contained in a case.
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What did Graf do when he got back into the meeting?
He slid the case under the table near Hitler.
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What did Graf then recieve to get out beofre the bomb detonated?
A planned call.
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At what time did Grafs bomb detonate at?
12:40pm.
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What did Graf do after hearing the bomb detonate? (2.)
He flew back to Berlin, to take over the anti-Nazi coup.
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What did the bomb not do?
Kill Hitler.
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Why had Graf's bomb not killed its target? (2.)
As a heavy table leg had defelted the blast from Hitler and the power of the bomb was less than expected.
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Why was the bomb's power less than expected? (3.)
As the meeting was moved from the more enclosed concrete bunker to a more open space, due to the summer heat.
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What did Graf hear when he returned to Berlin?
That Hitler was alive.
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What happened on the evening of the 20th of July 1944? (3.)
Graf and his conspirators were arrested, they were qikcly tried at a court martial and excecuted by a firing squad.
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Where was Graf excecuted?
In the courtyard of the army headquarters.
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Was Graf buried immediately fater excecution?
Yes.
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What did the ** do to his body on the 21st of July 1944? (2.)
Dug it up and removed his military medals.
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Today, what is the army headequarters courtyard?
A memorial site.
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After what year did Cardinal Galen begin to speak out against the Nazis?
After 1934.
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Who was Cardinal Galen?
The Catholic Bishop of Munster.
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In what year did Galen express three sermons and what were these about? (4.)
1941 and they were about the used of terror from the Gestapo, the Nazi stealing of church property and (most famously) the murder of mentally and pysically disabled people by the Nazis.
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What was Galen's nickname and why?
The Lion of Munster; of his sermons.
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What happened to Galen's sermons?
They were distributed illegally.
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What happened to the three Catholic priests who took part in the distribution of the sermons and where did this happen?
They were arrested and excecuted in Lubeck.
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Why did Galen survive the Nazi reign?
As he was too prominent a figure to excecute?
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What happened to Galen between 1941 and 1945?
He was virtually ubder hosue arrest.
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Who was Dietrich Bonhoeffer? (3.)
A prodestant pastor, who went against the Nazis from the outset in 1933?
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What did Bonhoeffer do in the 1930's?
Recruited and trained new pastors to join his cause.
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What did Bonhoeffer do in the late 1930's as a secret?
Joined the German resistance.
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What did Bonhoeffer continue to do, despite being houdned by the Gestapo?
Resist the Nazis.
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What two things was Bonhoeffer forbode from doing?
Writing or speaking publicy.
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What did Bonhoeffer join and why?
The Abwehr (German inteligence), due to him not being allowed to resist the Nazis through writing or speaking publicly.
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Who else was in the Abwehr?
A number of Nazi officers that opposed the Nazi regime secretly.
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What did Bonhoeffer do as an Abwehr agent?
Learn the full scale of the Nazi attrocities.
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What did his job as an Abwehr cause?
Him to resist the Nazis more.
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Give two things that Bonhoeffer did in resistance to the Nazis?
He relayed messages for the undergorund resistance and helped to organsie the escape of Switz Jews.
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What happened to Bonhoeffer in 1943?
He was arrested and put in jail.
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What did Bonhoeffer do when in jail?
Preached to the other inamates.
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In wich concentration camp was Bonhoeffer excecuted in and when was this and how long beofre the end of the war was this?
Flossenburg Concentration Camp in April 1945 (two weeks before the end of the war.)
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When was the Last Action to round up the last of the Berlin Jews?
The 27th of February 1943.
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Where were one group of male Berlin Jews taken to and what did this used to be?
Rosentrasse 2-4, the Jewish communty welfare office.
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What "type" of Jew was taken to Rosentrasse?
Mischling.
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What did many of the Rosentrasse men have?
Aryan wives.
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Where did the Rosentrasse men's wives gather and why?
In the Rosentrasse, to protest against their men being taken.
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In the days following the 27th of February 1943, how many women had gathered in Rosentrasse at any one time?
600.
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What did the Rosentrasse women shout?
Give us our husbands back!
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What was the Rosentrasse women's shouting occasionally interrupted by?
The ** guards threatening to shoot.
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What did the Rosentrasse women do when the ** threatened to shoot? (2.)
Took cover in side streets, but soon returned.
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For how many days did the Rosentrasse women protest for?
Several days.
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What happened on Friday 5th of March 1943?
The first Rosentrasse prisoners were released.
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Did the wider deportation of Jews continue after Rosentrasse?
Yes, but the women had shown great courage.
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What was the White Rose Ressistance Group?
A group at Munich University.
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Who were the White Rose based around?
Hans and Sophie Scholl.
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Who influenced the Scholls?
Galen.
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What drove Hans Scholl ro resist?
Seeing the mistreatment of Jews on the Eastern Front during his compulary service.
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What did the White Rose Produce?
Anti-Nazi leafets (a series of them.)
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When were the first four series of White Rose leaflets issued and to whom?
Between June and July of 1942, to other students.
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When was the White Rose's fifth leaflet produced and was it thier most prominent?
January of 1943 abd yes it was?
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Who was the White Rose's fifth leafelet to?
A wider audience.
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What was the title of the White Rose's fifth leaflet and what did it say?
Title- "Appeal to All Germans." Contents- "Hitler cannot win the war, only prolong it."
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How many of the White Rose's fifth leafelt were distrubuted and in how many German cities?
Between 6000 and 9000, in 9 German cities.
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When (after an event) did the White Rose produce thier sixth and final leaflet and why did they do this?
After the German army were deafeated at Stalingrad, to catch German attnetion at a time of low morale.
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When did the White Rose spread their sixth leaflet throughout ht universsity cordors and lecture rooms and even into the atrium from the balcony?
On the 18th of February 1943.
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How did the White Rose get reported to the Gestapo for their leaflet spreading in the university in 1943?
By a caretaker that saw them.
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Were the Scholls arrested?
Yes.
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Why did Sophie Scholl take full responsibility?
To protect the other group members.
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Were all of the White Rose facing exceution from the People's Court?
Yes.
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Who were Elise and Otto Hamper?
A working-class couple from Berlin.
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Did the Hampers initally oppose the Nazis?
No.
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What spurred the Hampers into Nazi resistance and when was this?
The death of Elise's brother in war in 1940?
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What did the Hampers do between September of 1940 and atumn of 1942? (4.)
Hand-wrote over 200 postcards urging people to refuse conscriptionm, to stop donations to the German war economy and to oppose Hitler.
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Where were the Hamper's postcards left in Berlin? (3.)
In postboxes and stairwells in the Wedding region of Berlin.
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How many of the Hamper's postcards were handed into the Gestapo and what did this show?
Nearly all 200 of them, this showed how scared the Germans were of small pieces of resistance.
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How many years did it take for the Gestapo to identify who the Hamper's were from their postcards?
Two years.
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When were the tried and excecuted by the People's Court?
April of 1943.
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What id ithe name of the novel and Hollywood film about the Hampers?
Alone in Berlin.
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What did a 1943 mid-forties houswife notice about a nearby house?
That it had been daubed with the year 1918.
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What did the "1918" message tell nearby Germans?
That they were heading for deafeat, just as they had in 1918/WW1.
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What did the housewife begin to do in the Eerly Mornings as passive resistance?
Write "1918" on notices and posters.
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What happened to the housewife's message whenever she returned to it?
It had been covered in Black Paint.
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What could have happened to the housewife for here passive resistance?
She could have been excecuted.
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What did the housewife later say about her resistance?
That it was to show Berliners "a sign of life."
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Give five other ways of Nazi passive resistance that were punishable?
Saying, "Good Morning" instead of, "Hail Hitler", telling anti-Nazi jokes, reading banned literature, listening to the BBC and hiding Jews.
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What happened to passive resistance in the war years?
It increased (so historians say.)
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Why was there passive resistance in the war years?
Due to information filtering that Poles and Jews were being treated badly on the Eastern Front.
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In what year were harsher punishments implemented for passive resistance?
1943.
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In 1944, what joke was a Berlin munitions worker excecuted for telling?
"Hilter and Goring are standing on top of a Berlin readio tower. Hitler says he wants to do something to cheer up the people of Berlin. 'Why don't you just jump?' suggests Goring."
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Give five reasons why there was not more Nazi resistance in the war years?
A a lack of knowledge, fear, Nazi propaganda and Nazi sucess.
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What myth was portrayed by Nazi propaganda during the war years?
That Hitler would be a saviour.
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When was Hitler's foreign policy sucessful until?
1941.
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What did the Nazi welfare schemes do?
Support those families that were destroyed by allied bombing.
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By 1943, where had the British and French pushed the Nazis from?
North Africa.
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What deafeat did the Nazis face in 1943?
Russian deafeat in the USSR.
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When and why did the Germans enter Total War?
1943; they began to become fearful of loosing the war.
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When did Goebbels adress a largwe public meeting in the Berlin Sportpalast?
On the 18th of February 1943.
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What had the Sporpalast once been used for?
Ice-skating competitions.
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From 1933, what was the Sportpalast used for?
Nazi rallies.
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What hung from the balconies for Goebbel's speech?
Swastika banners.
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From where would Goebbels speak?
A long white platform at one end of the stadium.
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What hung in the centre of the Sportpalsast?
A Swastika.
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What strechec out behind Goebbels?
A stylistic eagle.
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What hunf above Goebbels?
A banner saying, "Total War-Shorter war."
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Who was invited to the Sportpalast?
A large variety of loyal Nazis.
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Where was Goebbels speech broadcast?
On the radio.
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Give the three questions that Goebbels asked the audience in his speech?
"Do yuo believe in Hitler and us in the final total victory of the German people?" "Are you and the German people willing to work, if Hitler orders, ten , twelve and if necessary fourteen hours a day and to give everything for victory?"
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Continued...
"If necessary, do you want a war more total and radical than anything that we can even imagaine today?"
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How did the audience respond to each of Goebbels questions?
With a louder yes for each question.
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What four effects to Total War have on the German people?
1) Women were brought into the war effort. 2) Anything that was not war related was eliminated. 3) Shortages worsened. 4) Propaganda increased.
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How many women, between the ages of 17 and 45, were called to work?
3 million.
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How many women actually took up the call to go to work?
1 million.
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How did SOME women avoid work?
Through pregnancy.
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Give three things that were stopped with the move into Total War?
Professional sport, magazines and non-essential businesses.
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What, to do with hair,was allowed and banned?
Cutting was allowed, but dyeing was not.
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What happened to clothing production in August of 1943? (2.)
It was stopped for civillians.
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What were set-up by the Nazis as a replacement for buying clothes and furniture?
Exchange centres.
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What did propaganda aim to do from 1943?
Encourage people to embrace Total War.
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Give two other ways that the Nazis ecouraged Total War?
The boradcast of Goebbel's speeches on the radio and in the cinema and posters.
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In what year did the Aliies begin to intesify thier air raids?
1943.
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What happened in Hamburg during late July of 1943?
It was bombed in a series of day and night attacks.
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What did Hamburg air raids cause and why?
It caused a fire storm throughout the city; they had wooden buildings and narrow streets.
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How much of Hamburg was destroyed in the July 1943 air raids?
Half of it.
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How many civillians were killed in the July 1943 air raids on Hamburg?
More than 40,000.
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When did the RAF begin their intense attack on Berlin?
November of 1943.
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How many planes attakced Berlin on the night of the 22nd of November 1943?
750 planes.
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How many air raids did Berliners face in the week after the 22nd of November of 1943?
Four.
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How many deaths were there in the Berlin air raid and why were these lower than expected?
3758; thier air defences were good.
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How many people were letf homless afer the November 1943 attakcs on Berlin and how many were injured?
Half a million people and 100000 were injured.
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When did Goebbels leave his undergorund bunker in Berlin and where did he go instead? (3.)
On the 24th of November 1943 and he went for his country house to the west of Berlin, where he saw the destruction.
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In the spring of 1944, what did the US army and the RAF continue to do?
Air raid German cities.
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In June of 1944, what did the Nazis loose? (2.)
Northern France, whilst the Allies attacked the rest of Northern Europe.
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By August of 1944, where had the Allies liberated?
Paris.
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By August of 1944, where had Soviet forces entered into?
Romania and Poland.
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What two words describe 1944 in Germany?
Chaotic and confusing.
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What did many Germany city-dwellers do, to avoid air raids?
Go to the country side.
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What did native Germans do as the Allies and the USSR marched through Nazi occupied countries?
They fled back to Germany/their motherland.
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What did the influx in refugees do to German war resources, such as: food and fuel?
Strained them a lot.
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What did the summer of 1944 see an influx in?
Germany arrests.
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What did the shock of the July Bomb Plot do to Hitler's popularity?
Increased it.
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What else did the Jult Bomb Plot do?
It gave the Nazis the oppotrunity to bring Germany into line, hence an increase in arrests.
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How many people were arrested- by the ** and Gestapo- that were conncected to the July Bomb Plot and how many were excecuted amd who were many of these and whom were they replaced by?
7,000 and 5000 were excecuted. Wehrmacht officers that were replaced by Nazi loyalists.
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In what year did the Hitler salute become compulsary for the army and why?
In 1944; the Wehrmacht officers were replaced by Nazi loyalists.
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What title did Goebbels gain in July of 1944?
The Reich Trustee for Total War.
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What did the The Reich Trustee for Total War do?
They were in charge of ensuring that every aspect of German life was contributing to the war effort.
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How many workers were forced to become soliders amd where had many of these previsouly worked and who replaced them?
Half a million. In arms factories and they were replaced by untrained workers.
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What impact did untraied workers have on production and why did the Nazis continue anyway?
A negative and they continued; they were desperate for soliders.
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On what fronts were they desperate for soliders?
The eastern and western ones.
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Did forced labour increase in 1944?
Yes.
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How many foreign workers had been brought to Germany by the summer of 1944 and how much of the workforce were they?
7.6, meaning they made up a quarter of the workforce.
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What was the age limit for compulsary service for women increased to?
50.
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What two were reduced to reduce fuel consumption?
Railway and postal services.
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What three arts places were closed in 1944?
Music halls, opera houses and theatres.
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When was the Volkssturm (People's Storm) created and who ordered this?
October 1944. by Hitler.
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What was the Volkssturm?
The German National Milita.
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Who was the Volkssturm meant to protect German from?
Advanciny ally and USSR troops.
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Who was forced to join the Volkssturm?
All males (already not in military service) between the ages of 16 and 60.
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What did Nazi officials do in desperation, to get people for the Volkssturm?
They patrolled the hospital wards for injured soldiers that were fit enough to hold a gun.
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How many days training did the Volkssturm get?
Four days.
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What was the Volkssturm uniform?
An armband.
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What were the Volkssturm issued with?
Old rifles and capture enemy waeapons.
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What did the British and USA soliders in the west and the USSR soliders in the west do to Germany?
Close in on it.
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When did the British and US soliders corss the Rhine into Germany?
In March/early spring of 1945.
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When did the USSR cross the eastern border into Germany?
April of 1945.
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When did Hitler take his own life in his bunker and what was the effect of this?
On the 30th of April 1945 and a week later WW2 had ended.
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Why did ration cards become usless in 1945?
As the shops had run out of goods.
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What did those with money do to get food?
Bought it from the Black Market.
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In February of 1945, how many British and American planes dropped nearly 4000 tonnes of explosives on Dresden?
British - 727 and American - 527.
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What did the bombing of Dresden cause?
A firestorm that destroyed 1600 acres of land and killed around 25,000 people.
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By April of 1945, what reamined of the Third Reich?
Berlin.
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By the middle of April od 1945, whose troops surrounded Berlin?
The Soviet troops.
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Which two reamaining forces were left to protect Berlin?
The Hitler Youth and Volkssturm.
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What did the Hitler Youth and Volkssturm become in the war?
Militarised.
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Why did the Germans surrender on the 2nd of May 1945?
As the Allied troops and the USSR troops combined were many times the number of the Hitler Youth and Volkssturm.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who lead the July 1944 bomb plot and who was he to the Nazis?

Back

Colonel Claus Graf Von Stauffenberg, who was a member of the German nobility and an army officer, who agreed with the Nazis policies of nationalism.

Card 3

Front

What a happened to Graf’s passion for the Nazis leaderships as the war progressed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did Graf hate most about the Nazis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What dis Graf loose when he fought the Allies in Tunisia in 1942?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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