Unit 4 Analysis 0.0 / 5 ? GeographyReportA2/A-levelEdexcel Created by: lauraking20Created on: 08-06-17 16:00 3 headings? 1) Analysis 2) Characteristics and geographical setting 2) Pre disaster planning 3) Relief 4) Rehabilitation 5) Reconstruction 1 of 46 Examples in characteristics? (2) Japan (x2) and Haiti 2 of 46 Location Japan - most prepared nation but ring of fire 3 of 46 Epicentre and focus Haiti - vulnerable anyway but proximity to capital and shallow focus (8km) exacerbated 4 of 46 Prepare for known magnitude....? People tend to prepare for hazards of a known magnitude and frequency within recent recorded history 5 of 46 Example? Japan - sea defences but couldn't withstand huge magnitude 6 of 46 In recent years planning has improved due to... Advancements in scientific knowledge as well as increases unity with international frameworks 7 of 46 Turning point in international frameworks? Asian tsunami, killing 220,000 8 of 46 Why? Lead to the development of the Hyogo Framework in 2005 9 of 46 Framework aim? 1) Focus on paying attention to more vulnerable locations (e.g. LDCs) and fostering political commitment 10 of 46 Next factor mentioned? Development and poverty 11 of 46 Poor countries? Arguably the most vulnerable as often have minimal management 12 of 46 Example? Haiti - poorest in Western Hemisphere (BBC News) 13 of 46 Contrasting example? Chile 14 of 46 Better preparedness due to what? Higher development levels and previous experience 15 of 46 What did this mean? Was able to enforce rules e.g. all new buildings have to be able to withstand a magnitude of 9.0 (The Guardian) 16 of 46 Next point? Magnitude 17 of 46 Example? Tohuku - Japan 18 of 46 Effect of earthquake? Wiped 5-10% off the Japanese stock market (The Diplomat) 19 of 46 What did this show? Despite most prepared nation = affected - some risk drivers e.g. globalised economy and magnitude have bigger effects 20 of 46 Most influential in disaster management? Magnitude 21 of 46 Why? Despite having large levels of wealth, a large magnitude can make this irrelevant causing devastating impacts regardless 22 of 46 Examples in relief? Nyriangono and Iceland 23 of 46 3 factors? Governance and international response / urban development 24 of 46 DRC aid? Many MEDCs reluctant to give as history of corruption 25 of 46 How much aid was provided? $5 mill by ECHO (Relief Web) 26 of 46 (+) / (-) ? Aid, but the international help was not on the same scale hindering the relief 27 of 46 Why did Iceland have efficient relief? (3) 1) Political connections (member of EU) 2) Development level 3) Size (small making political control easier) 28 of 46 Why was is able to work around the clock from the day of the disaster? Residence already in Iceland 29 of 46 What did they set up? Counselling and 24 hr hotline for those affected (IFRC) 30 of 46 What did the rapid relief effort mean? The drive to normality was more straightforward 31 of 46 Example of poor urban development? DRC 32 of 46 What did the Nyriangongo eruption cause? Damage to 80% of commercial infrastructure 33 of 46 Implications of this? Slower and more challenging recovery 34 of 46 Factors influencing rehabilitation? Wealth and foreign aid 35 of 46 Recovery of Japan due to wealth? (2) 1) Economy as briskly growing again within 6m 2) Able to restore the majority of its transportation infrastructure within a few weeks 36 of 46 Normality of Asian countries? Will eventually reach, with some already having so, just slower due to risk factors 37 of 46 Aid from where for Asian countries? Red Cross 38 of 46 What did they do? (2) 1) Provided nearly 5 mill with assistance 2) Built over 50,000 new houses 39 of 46 2 factors in rehabilitation? Governance and development 40 of 46 Country subject to poor governance? Haiti 41 of 46 How much was raised by the international community? Over £5.6 bn 42 of 46 What was said in a number of reports? 60% of the recovery funding is 'not specified' (The Guardian) 43 of 46 What can this explain? How 50,000 are still living in camps (Huffington Post) 44 of 46 What has the development level of Chile enabled them to implement? 1) Simex 2015 (eq simulation) 2) Evacuation drills 3) Building regulations 45 of 46 Reconstruction has a subsequent effet in Helping to facilitate superior pre disaster planning 46 of 46
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