unit 3 ( B2) cardiovascular system

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  • Created by: san01
  • Created on: 22-10-19 14:42
what is cardiac output?
amount of blood pumped per minute
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what is stroke volume?
the amount of blood pumped per contraction
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how do you work out cardiac output?
stroke volume x heart rate
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what does systolic mean? which number on a reading?
systolic when heart contracts and fills with blood. Top number
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what does diastolic mean? which number?
hear relaxes and release blood. bottom number
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what is hypertension?
high blood pressure
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what are some things that can affect hypertension?
stress, diet, age, lack of sleep, lack of exercise, being overweight, pregnancy, alcohol
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what can hypertension cause?
stroke, heart attack, kidney disease, weakened muscles, coronary heart disease, seizure
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what are some symptoms of hypertension?
severe headache, vision problems, fatigue, chest pain, irregular heart beat , difficulty breathing
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what is an ECG?
Electrocardiogram- a test used to check heart rhythm and electrical activity
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what is an ECG used for? what can it detect?
it can diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the heart. Such as arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, heart attacks and cardiomyopathy
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what is atrial fibrillation?
heart beats irregularly and faster than normal - more common in older people, common cause of stroke
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what is bradychardia?
slower heart beat than normal
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what is ventricular fibrillation?
when the hearts rhythm is disorganised and rapid- can lead to sudden death if not treated immediately
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what is sinus arrhythmia ?
an irregular heart beat, either too fast or too slow
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describe arteries
- carry oxygenated blood away from the heart - carry blood at high pressure - small lumen - has 3 layers - thicker more elastic walls - have no valves
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describe veins?
-carry de-oxygenated blood to the heart - carry blood at low pressure - 3 layers - thinner walls - have valves
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what are 3 differences between arteries and veins ?
veins have valves arteries dont. Arteries have thicker walls. Veins have a big lumen, arteries have a small lumen.
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what are the 3 layers in veins and arteries?
tunica externa ( outer layer), tunica media( middle layer), tunica intima ( inner layer)
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describe arterioles
small branches of artery that deliver blood to capillaries. They constrict and dilate to regulate blood flow
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describe capillaries
one cell thick- exchange materials between blood and tissue cell - co2 , oxygen and waste
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describe venules
vessels that connect capillaries to veins, collect blood from capillaries and drain in veins
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what does pulmonary circulation do?
moves blood between the heart and lungs
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what does systemic circulation do?
moves blood between heart and body
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what is anemia?
lack of healthy red blood cells to supply oxygen around the body
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what are symptoms of anemia?
weakness, tiredness, irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, cold hands/feet. chest pain
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what are causes/ risk factors of anemia?
body doesnt produce enough blood cells, bleeding, iron/vitamin deficiency, pregnancy, family history, age
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what is Coronary heart disease?
hearts blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build up of fatty substances in artery
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what are symptoms of CHD?
chest pain, palpitations, heart attacks, heart failure, diabetes, hypertension
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what are some causes of CHD?
smoking, high cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes
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what is a stroke?
when blood supply to the brain is cut off
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symptoms of a stroke?
the face may have dropped on one side, weakness/ numbness in one arm, slurred speech
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what are causes of a stroke?
if blood supply is restricted cells begin to die, blood clots , increasing age, smoking, obesity
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what is myogenic mechanism?
regulation of blood flow- how arteries and veins react to increase or decrease in blood pressure to keep blood flowing.
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what is the SA node? Location?
- Sinotrial node. pace maker cells, generates electrical impulse. In the upper right atrium
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what is the AV node? location?
atrioventricular node. Delays impulses to ensure atria have enough time to recover to fully eject blood into the ventricles
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what do purkinje fibers do?
transmit cardiac action
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what are the 4 main functions of blood?
transportation, regulation, protection , clotting
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blood temperature regulation?
the blood is responsible to carry body heat to the surface in high temp environment as well as to keep body heat in withing low temp environments.
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why is clotting important?
it stops blood loss
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describe red blood cells?
- no nucleus , contains haemoglobin, a flat shape for bigger surface area to volume ration for efficient carriage of oxygen
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describe white blood cells?
produced in bone marrow, part of the bodies defence and immune system, engulfs pathogens, produces antiobodies
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describe platelets?
the help the blood clot when necessary , produced in bone marrow
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is stroke volume?

Back

the amount of blood pumped per contraction

Card 3

Front

how do you work out cardiac output?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what does systolic mean? which number on a reading?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what does diastolic mean? which number?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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