Unit 1 Revsion

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Life Stages
Infancy 0-2, Early childhood 3-8, Adolescence 9-18, Early Adulthood 19-45, Middle Adulthood 46-65 Later Adulthood 65+
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Growth
Growth is an increase in a measurable quantity such as height or weight
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Development
Development is about the complex changes in skills and capabilities
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Milestone
An ability achieved by most children by a certain age.
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Gross motor skills
Large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body
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Fine motor skills
Involves the use of smaller muscles such as finger muscles
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Puberty
a period of Rapid growth during which young people reach sexual maturity
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Menopause
The ending of female fertility, including the cessation of menstruation
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Effects of Menopause
hot flushes and night sweats, breast tenderness, loss of libido
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Life expectancy
An estimate of the number of years, on average, that a person can expect to live
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What does P.I.E.S stand for?
Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social
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Piaget Theory
Sensorimotor: birth–2 years, Pre-operational 2-7, Concrete operational 7-11, Formal operational: 11–18 years
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Abstract logical thinking
The ability to solve problems using imagination without having to be involved practically
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Egocentric thinking
Not being able to see a situation from another person’s point of view.
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Concrete logical thinking
The ability to solve problems providing an individual can see or physically handle the issues involved.
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Self-image
The way an individual sees themselves, their mental image of themselves.
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Self-esteem
How a person feels about themselves, self-worth or pride
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Deprivation
Being deprived of a caregiver to whom an attachment already exists
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Separation anxiety
The fear apprehension that infants experience when separated from their primary caregiver.
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Types of Play
Solo play, Parallel Play, Co-operative Play
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Solo Play
This stage is where a child will play by themselves usually play games like peek-a-boo
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Parallel Play
This stage Children will play next to each other but they will be involved in their own play
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Co-operative Play
This stage children will talk, share ideas and play together
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Nature
Genetic inheritance and other biological factors
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Nurture
The influence of external factors after conception such as social and environmental factors
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Maturation
A genetically programmed sequence of change
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Positive reinforcement
The behaviour is repeated because of personal satisfaction (intrinsic reinforcement) or rewards
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Negative reinforcement
The behaviour is not repeated to avoid an adverse experience such as lack of satisfaction or to avoid being told off
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Diathesis
a predisposition or vulnerability to mental disorder through abnormality of the brain or neuro transmitters.
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Stress-diathesis model
This model looks at how stress (Nurture) and Diathesis (Nature) can lead to mental health issues
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Genetic predisposition
Inherited genes that determine physical growth, development, health and appearance.
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Types of Genetic diseases
Cystic fibrosis, Brittle bone disease, Huntington’s disease, Down Syndrome
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Environmental Factors
Poor housing conditions, Pollution
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3 Theories of Attacthment
Bowby, Schafter
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Susceptibility
An increased likelihood of acquiring a disease because of an individual’s genetic makeup
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Cardiovascular Problems
Any disorder or disease of the heart or blood vessels.
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Effects of poor housing
Respiratory disorders, Cardiovascular disorders, Cardiovascular problems, Hypothermia, Anxiety and Depresssion
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Parent Styles
Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive
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Bullying
Repetitive behaviour intended to hurt an individual emotionally and or physically
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Effects of Bullying
Self-harm, lower self-esteem, Anxiety, Eating disorders
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Income
The amount of money coming into a household
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Expenditure
The amount of money going out of a household
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Effects of low income
Material Deprivation, Lower self-esteem.
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Lifestyle
How a person spends their time and money
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Predictable events
Events that are expected to happen at a particular time
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Unpredictable events
Events that happen unexpectedly
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Predictable events Examples
Start School, Leaving home, Marriage, Parenthood, Retirement
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Unpredictable events
Redundancy, Illness, Serious injury, Divorce, Bereavement
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Holmes–Rahe social Scale
This scale measures total Stress
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Physical Effects of ageing
Cardiovascular disease, Degeneration of nerve tissue, Osteoarthritis, Degeneration of the sense organs, Dementia, Alzheimer’s
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Social disengagement theory
This theory says that as people get older they gradually withdraw from society
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Activity theory
This theory says as people get older they become more involved in society
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Maturation Theory
This theory says that all children develop through the same way
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Growth is an increase in a measurable quantity such as height or weight

Back

Growth

Card 3

Front

Development is about the complex changes in skills and capabilities

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

An ability achieved by most children by a certain age.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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