studied mice and gave cannabinoid receptors to them, they showed similar addictive behaviour to humans when given cannabis
studied rats connecting wires to pleasure centre and gave them pleasure through electrical charges, rats could give themselves pleasurable shock by pressing a lever and the rats kept returning to it, ignoring other sources of pleasure
8. what happened to Phineas Gage?
tamping iron through skull, personality changed - became aggressive and impatient (due to damage to frontal lobe)
murdered family, strangers and himself, had spoken to many psychologists before about aggressive urges, autopsy revealed brain tumour size of pecan pressing on amygdala
9. what makes adoption studies more valid?
if there is data about biological parent so we can see if there is a closer resemblance to them
if there is data about adoptive parent so we can see if there is a closer resemblance to them
10. what is the sample of the Gottesman and Shields study?
12. what happens when there is a pathway of dopaminergic neurons?
there is a pleasure centre, one is called the mesolimbic pathway which flows through the mesolimbic system to give feelings of satisfaction and contentment
there is a pleasure centre, one is called the mesolimbic pathway which flows through the limbic system to give feelings of satisfaction and contentment
there is a pleasure centre, one is called the mesolimbic pathway which flows through the limbic system to give feelings of sadness
there is a pleasure centre, one is called the dopaminergic pathway which flows through the limbic system to give feelings of satisfaction and contentment
13. evaluate drugs from the psychodynamic approach?
look at the meaning to taking the drug for the user, eros (hate) is the main motivation and drugs are how to get it
look at the meaning to taking the drug for the user, eros (love) is the main motivation and drugs are a substitute
look at the meaning to taking the drug for the user, eros (hate) is the main motivation and drugs are a substitute
look at the meaning to taking the drug for the user, eros (love) is the main motivation and drugs are how to get there
14. what is cathartic behaviour?
releasing aggression in a unhealthy way which is good for us will increase aggressive urges
releasing aggression in a way which is bad for us will increase aggressive urges
releasing aggression in a healthy way which is good for us will reduce aggressive urges
releasing aggression in a unhealthy way will reduce aggressive urges
15. evaluate ethics of Raine?
PET scanning is invasive, but the social responsibility was high and all ppts gave consent
NGRIs and controls all gave prior consent, PET imaging is invasive, conclusion may be misinterpreted
no consent and were lied to, this was needed for the study however and ppts were debriefed
16. what is the aim of the Raine study?
find out if there is a difference between the brain structure and activity between murderers pleading NGRI and non murderers, also if we can generalise from ethology about brain structure
find out if there is a difference between the brain structure and activity between murderers and non murderers, also if we can generalise from ethology about brain structure
find out if we can generalise from ethology about brain structure
17. what are hormones?
slow chemical messengers carried around in the blood, most are produced in the endocrine system
gaps between neurons where messages are passed between
transmitters that travel quickly round the body using electric pulses
18. what are the types of neurons?
sensory and inter
motor, sensory, inter
motor, transmitters, inter
motor and sensory
19. evaluate applications to evolution
Raymond Dart "Killer Ape Theory" states that we evolved from aggressive animals and are most aggressive / Harte and Sussmann, "Co-operative Ape Theory" we hunted and evolved to survive together through co-operation
Harte and Sussman "Killer Ape Theory" states that we evolved from aggressive animals and are most aggressive / Raymond Dart "Co-operative Ape Theory" we hunted and evolved to survive together through co-operation
20. what is the main idea of psychoanalysis?
to treat aggression by exploring the unconscious causes of addition
to treat aggression by using appropriate drug therapy
to treat aggression by finding out what makes you angry
to treat aggression by working out how to calm down in a situation