Unit 1 (1.1 part 1)

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What is change management?
A systematic approach to dealing with change, both from the perspective of an organisation and on the individual level
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What is hybrid cloud?
A cloud computing environment that uses a mix of on-premises, private cloud and public cloud services with orchestration between the two platforms; allows workloads to move between clouds to meet their needs and this gives flexibility
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What is hypervisor?
A hardware virtualisation technique that allows multiple guest operating systems to run on a single host system at the same time, the guest shares the hardware of the host; it is also known as Virtual Machine Manager (VMM)
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What is Internet of Things (IOT)?
A computing concept that describes a future where every day physical objects will be connected to the internet and be able to identify themselves to other devices
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What is privacy filter?
A panel or filter placed over a display to make it difficult or impossible for someone to see the screen without being directly in front of the display
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What is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)?
A system used to track objects, people and animals using tags that respond to radio waves; tags are integrated circuits that include a small antenna and are typically small enough that they aren’t easily noticeable
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What is social engineering?
A non-technical method of intrusion used by hackers that relies heavily on human interaction and often involves tricking people into breaking normal security procedures
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What is Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)?
A technology that allows telephone calls to be made over computer networks like the internet
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What is hardware?
The general term for the physical components that make up a computer system e.g. keyboard monitor, processor, base unit etc. – if you can touch it or hold it, it is hardware
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What are the three sections that hardware can be divided into?
Input devices (e.g. keyboard, mouse, scanner), Output devices (e.g. monitor, printer) and Secondary Storage devices (e.g. USB, External Hard Drive)
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What are the eight main parts of a computer?
Motherboard, CPU, Video Card, RAM, Power Supply, Hard Disk, Optical Drive and BIOS
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What is the motherboard?
The main component inside all computers and is a base for all other components to connect to, complemented by the CPU, all processes link through it (it holds the memory RAM and ROM) to move information to and from the CPU
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What is the CPU?
The brain of the computer as it does all the processing- it takes information from the inputs, processes this information and then outputs the processing to the output devices; the faster the CPU the faster the machine can process instructions
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What are the different types of power supply?
Most bases (fixed computer) have the large volt supply that comes with the connector cables for the majority of computer components; laptops have their own unique supply which is a small box with a lead and connector but no additional wires
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What does Random Access Memory (RAM) do?
Controls the CPU output and input, information is stored onto the RAM for processing and back from the CPU to RAM for dealing with; RAM can be upgraded and it has a clock speed (faster the clock speed, faster the processing time)
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How is RAM size measured?
In 128mb or 256mb chunks and can be DDR1, DDR2 or DDR3 with DDR3 being most expensive but faster; the rule is that the more memory a machine has, the faster it can store and process information
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What is the difference between RAM and storage?
RAM has no moving parts and doesn’t overheat or break easily
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What do Video Graphics cards do?
Handle all of the visual data within a computer, interpret it and display it via a VDU
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What is a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)?
A dedicated microprocessor making calculations in order to display both 2D and 3D graphics
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What is motherboard interface?
The method of connection and transfer of information between the motherboard
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What is Video BIOS?
A basic program that governs the video card’s operations and provides the instructions that allow the computer and software to interface with the card
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What is the video memory within a video graphics card?
May use the computer’s RAM if the card is integrated onto the motherboard, otherwise it will have a dedicated amount of memory for use for storing other data as well as the screen image
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Why is a cooling device incorporated into a video graphics card?
Video cards may use a lot of electricity, which is converted into heat- if the heat isn’t dissipated, the video card could overheat and be damaged, which is why a cooling device is incorporated to transfer the heat elsewhere
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What does Optical Drive do?
Used as timed backups for a network drive; all systems except Thin Client come with these as standard and they run off the IDE cable to the motherboard and act like a separate hard drive
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What does optical media do?
Backup data (can save 120gb on one drive); this takes an hour on a standard network to copy down to, can be carried away and then reused, deleted like a memory stick and resaved
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What is the rule with the speed of the hard drive and the loading speed with hard disks?
The faster the hard drive, the quicker the loading speed
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What is BIOS (Built-In Operating System)?
A small battery linked to the core of the motherboard that tells a computer a lot of information such as what CPU it has, what hard drives, where the connectors are and what standard devices are connected on the inside; all computers have one
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What is a PC?
A general purpose computer which is made up of separate monitor, keyboard and mouse and processing unit (base)
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What are some advantages of a PC?
The large case allows for heat dissipation and spare parts and connections tend to be standard
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What are some disadvantages of a PC?
They aren’t portable (as they are made up of separate components) and all components need to be hooked up with wiring
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What is a laptop?
A computer where the monitor, keyboard, pointing device and processor are all together in one unit; they are the most common type of computer in the home
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What are some advantages of a laptop?
They are portable and have a low power consumption
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What are some disadvantages of a laptop?
Heat dissipation is more difficult due to the structure of the laptop, and keyboards and pointing devices can be difficult to use
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What is a netbook?
A computer that can almost fit into your hand and is a smaller version of a laptop
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What are some advantages of a netbook?
They are more portable and tend to have no moving parts so has a better battery usage
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What are some disadvantages of a netbook?
They don’t have optical drives which makes installing difficult, and the keyboards are only about 80% the size of laptop keyboards
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What is a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)?
A small handheld computer that usually comes with a touchscreen activated using a stylus; data is entered using a keyboard that appears on the screen; many now have a basic database, word-processing and spreadsheet facilities
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What are some advantages of a PDA?
Can be used anywhere because of their size, are very lightweight and can have GPS or RFID tracking
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What are some disadvantages of a PDA?
It is difficult to enter text quickly and they have very limited capabilities due to the software and the operating system used
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What is a mainframe computer?
A large, very powerful computer system, the main purpose of which is to run commercial applications such as banking and insurance where large amounts of data need to be processed daily; they have very fast processor speeds and huge internal memory
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What are some advantages of a mainframe computer?
Can support multiple operating systems, and have a huge amount of storage capacity
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What are some disadvantages of a mainframe computer?
They need to be permanently housed in large rooms so they cannot be moved around, and they are very expensive to operate and maintain
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What are input devices?
Hardware devices that allow data to be inputted into a computer, examples include keyboards and barcode readers
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What is a keyboard?
One of the most common input devices, used to input text, numbers and instructions into a computer; an advantage is that it enables fast entry of text and a disadvantage is that they take up desk space
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What is a numeric keypad?
A keypad used to enter numbers along with the most common mathematical functions; used in many things such as telephones and chip and pin devices
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of a numeric keypad?
Advantages include being faster than standard keyboards for entry of numeric data and being small; disadvantages include being difficult to use due to small keys and being difficult to use for entering text
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What is a mouse?
A pointing device which has a ball or laser light underneath to detect movement so that the user can control the position of the cursor by moving it; it usually has two buttons with different functions and a scroll button or wheel
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What is a mouse used for?
Used for many things such as opening, closing and minimising applications, and controlling the position of a cursor on the screen
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What are some advantages of a mouse?
Enable rapid navigation through applications and the internet, and are small so take up little space
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What are some disadvantages of a mouse?
People with restricted hand/wrist movement can find operating a mouse difficult, and they are difficult to use if there is no flat surface readily available
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What is a touchpad?
A pointing device in which the pointer is controlled by finger movement on the pad and tapping to simulate a left button mouse click; they also have buttons at the bottom which act as left and right mouse buttons
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What are some advantages of a touchpad?
Aids portability as no need for an external mouse, can be used where there are no flat surfaces
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What are some disadvantages of a touchpad?
People with limited hand/wrist movement find touchpads difficult to use, and they are more difficult for certain functions like drag and drop
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What is a trackerball?
A pointing device that is similar to a mouse except that the ball is on top of it and the user controls the pointer on the screen by rotating it with the hand
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Why are trackerballs useful in control room environments?
It is faster than a mouse to navigate through process screens
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What are some advantages of a trackerball?
Do not need the same fine control as a mouse and don’t take up desk space
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What are some disadvantages of a trackerball?
Not supplied with the computer as standard and users may require training
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What does a remote control do and what is it used for?
Controls the operation of devices remotely using infrared signals and using buttons to select options; it is used in most home entertainment devices
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of a remote control?
Can operate devices from a distance (useful for people with disabilities and also for dangerous machines); people with limited hand/wrist movement can find them difficult to use
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What is a joystick?
Pointer is controlled by gripping the stick and buttons make selections, another button on the top is often used for gaming purposes; they are used for simulators
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What are some advantages of a joystick?
It is easier to navigate around a screen using a joystick than a keyboard, and control is in 3 dimensions
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What are some disadvantages of a joystick?
It is more difficult to control the on-screen pointer with a joystick than with other devices such as a mouse
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How does a touchscreen work and what is it used for?
Works by the user touching a button or icon on the screen to select an option; used in many things such as smart phones, interactive whiteboards and self-service tills
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What are some advantages of a touchscreen?
Faster entry of options than a keyboard or mouse, and user friendly so no training necessary
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What are some disadvantages of a touchscreen?
Using them frequently can lead to RSI and muscle strain, and they can get dirty very easily
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What are magnetic str-ip readers and what are they used for?
Read information on the Magnetic Stripe such as the back of a credit card; used in credit/debit cards and security cards for entry to buildings, hotel rooms or travel systems
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What are some advantages of magnetic str-ip readers?
Data entry is fast and the system is error free as no typing is required
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What are some disadvantages of magnetic str-ip readers?
They are affected by a strong magnetic field or over use, meaning data can be lost, and they need to be in contact with the reader
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What is a smart card reader?
A smart card stores information on the chip such as PIN and personal data, the storage capacity is greater than magnetic str-ip cards so more can be stored; uses include ID cards and public transport passes
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of smart card readers?
Often used instead of money so reducing theft and loss and data is more secure; loss of the card could result in information being used for identity theft
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What are chip and pin readers and what are they used for?
Used at EFTPOS terminals; the card is slotted into the device and the pin is entered using the keypad and a small screen gives instructions; used where payments are made using cards
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of chip and pin readers?
More secure as the typed PIN must match the one stored on the chip and more robust as the chip doesn’t need to be in contact with the reader; as the customer types in the pin they need to make sure nobody else reads it (possibility of fraud)
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What are scanners?
They are used to enter information on hard copy into a computer for manipulation; it is scanned by a light source and produces a computer readable image for manipulation using a drawing package or Optical Character Recognition
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What are some uses of scanners?
Scanning old valuable books to protect the originals from damage or producing records of paper copies, and scanning non-digital photographs to be stored on a computer
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of scanners?
Images can be stored for editing and it is possible to recover lost documents and photos by scanning them; the quality can be limited and will never be as good as the original
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What are barcode readers and what are they used for?
Used to read information in the form of barcodes; the reader is usually a scanner; used in supermarkets and shops to enable sales and stock control and itemised billing
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of barcode readers?
Very fast method and used to improve safety; relatively expensive as every item in a shop needs a barcode and not foolproof as barcodes can be swapped around on items
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What are Optical Mark Readers?
A system which can read marks written in pen or pencil- the places where the marks are made are clearly shown in the form and the position of the mark is stored in the computer’s memory after being read by the OMR device
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What are some uses of Optical Mark Readers?
Reading questionnaires, multiple choice examination papers and other types of forms where responses are registered in the form of lines or shaded areas
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of Optical Mark Readers?
Very fast way of inputting awkward information and is more accurate than keying in data; forms need to be carefully designed and issues if the form isn’t filled in correctly
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What are Optical Character Recognition readers?
OCR is the name given to software that takes scanned text and converts it into a computer readable form to be used in word processing, DTP and presentation packages; it is used in passports and identity cards
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of Optical Character Recognition?
Much faster data entry system than manually keying in data and the number of errors is reduced because there is no manual data entry; system has difficulty reading handwriting and requires post processing
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What is Magnetic Ink Character Recognition?
MICR is a system which can read characters printed in a special ink; only certain characters written in a standard font can be read and these are then converted into a form that the computer can understand and stored in a computer file
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What is Magnetic Ink Character Recognition used for?
Processing cheques in banks
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of Magnetic Ink Character Recognition?
Offers greater security than OCR as printed characters cannot be altered and there is no manual input which reduces errors; only certain characters can be read and the number of characters is limited
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What are digital cameras?
Cameras in which photos can be easily transferred from storage memory to a computer using a USB cable and then manipulated
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What are some uses of digital cameras?
Recording videos and producing photos onto a card for printing
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of digital cameras?
Easier to upload and produce better quality photos than with a traditional camera or through scanning, and memory cards can store thousands of images; user needs to be computer literate and quality is not as good
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What are webcams?
Cameras connected directly to the computer through USB; the information the webcam sees is transmitted live to the computer; it is used for chatting online so you can talk ‘face-to-face’
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of webcams?
Can be left on the computer and activated when necessary and allow people to keep in contact over long distances; they have limited features and need to be connected to the computer
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What are microphones?
Connected directly to the computer, sounds can be inputted and then manipulated- the input sound is converted to analogue and then to digital, the computer’s sound card does this automatically; used in voice recognition software
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of microphones?
Faster to read in text than to type it with a keyboard; sound files take up computer space and memory
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What are sensors?
Device that inputs data to a computer where the data is a measurement of some physical quantity which is always changing; these physical qualities are analogue in nature and will need converting into digital using analogue to digital converter
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What are some uses of sensors?
Use in automatic washing machines (temperature), burglar alarm systems (pressure), automatic greenhouses (light), burglar alarms (sound), environmental monitoring (humidity/moisture) and pH (chemical processes)
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of sensors?
Readings taken over sensors generally more accurate than those taken by human operators, and readings are continuous; faulty sensors can give erroneous responses
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What is a graphics tablet and what is it used for?
Used to produce freehand drawing which can then be stored in a computer file or used directly on the screen; used in modelling and computer aided design work and as a form of input in countries where characters are complex
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of a graphics tablet?
Very accurate method of drawing and can be pressure sensitive for thicker lines of drawing; more expensive than other pointing devices
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What are light pens?
They contain sensors that send signals to a computer whenever light changes are detected; screens refreshed 50 times per second so the computer is able to determine the pens position by noting exactly when the light pen detected the electron beam
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What are light pens used for and what are some advantages and disadvantages?
Drawing on a screen; more accurate than touch screens and simple to use; problems with lag when drawing on screen and only work with CRT monitors
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A cloud computing environment that uses a mix of on-premises, private cloud and public cloud services with orchestration between the two platforms; allows workloads to move between clouds to meet their needs and this gives flexibility

Back

What is hybrid cloud?

Card 3

Front

A hardware virtualisation technique that allows multiple guest operating systems to run on a single host system at the same time, the guest shares the hardware of the host; it is also known as Virtual Machine Manager (VMM)

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A computing concept that describes a future where every day physical objects will be connected to the internet and be able to identify themselves to other devices

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A panel or filter placed over a display to make it difficult or impossible for someone to see the screen without being directly in front of the display

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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