Tyrone's Rebellion, 1594-1603

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  • Created by: Annagc
  • Created on: 26-04-19 16:43
How did Hugh O'Neill contribute to causing the nine years war?
He claimed leadership of the O'Neill clan and lordship, he tried to persuade Elizabeth to appoint him Earl of Tyrone
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How did Sir Turlough Luineach O'Neill contribute to causing the nine years war?
He wanted to rule the ONeill clan and lordship, his rivalry with Hugh O'Neill was violent and led to the political instability in Ulster
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How did Henry Bagenal contribute to causing the nine years war?
He wanted to increase his power in ulster and tried to persuade Elizabeth to appoint him as first president of Ulster, this drove O'Neill into open warfare
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How did the crown's irish governers and the crown's planation of Ulster contribute to causing the nine years war?
Governers Sir John Perrot and Sir William Fitzwilliam pursued an aggressive policy to exert control, the plantation caused resentment and way strongly opposed by Irish lords
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How did competeing factions in the royal court contribute to causing the nine years war?
They sought to influence the Queen into supporting their plans to pacify and govern Ireland
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How did Irish clans contribute to causing the nine years war?
There was bitter rivalry between them, they fought each other as well as opping increasing English influence in Ulster
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How did the Old English families ruling Ireland contribute to causing the nine years war?
They opposed the clans, they were descended from English settlers and were Protestant, they wanted to eliminate native Irish power in Ulster as it was the only province yet to succumb fully to English rule
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How did Spain contribute to causing the nine years war?
They attempted to exert control in Ireland, interferring in Iirhs affairs with bribery and promises of military support for a native rebellion
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Why was O'Neill and O'Donnell's ability to bring together some important clan families significant?
The English relied on disunity in Ireland to be able to keep control
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Why was Phillip II of Spain keen to support Ireland?
He wanted revenge on Elizabeth for the Armada, he believed Spanish support to Ireland would counter the English support of rebels in Spains Dutch province
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What was the background to the nine years war?
The Irish lords of ulster suspected the crown intended to reduce their power by appointing English sherriffs to apply English law
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What was the outbreak of the nine years war?
Hugh Maguire revolted in 1593, he was defeated at Tulsk, he then raided Monaghan and Enniskillen in 1594
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Why was Hugh O'Neill not involved in the outbreak of the nine years war?
He had persuaded the Queen to grant him Eral of Tyrone, he didn't want to risk losing it on a failed rebellion, the crown looked to O'Neill to help put down the rebellion
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Why did the battle of Clontibret 1595 mark the real beginning of the war?
O'Neill took power as leader of the rebel forces
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What was O'Neill's first move at the battle of Clontibret?
He oredered the seige of the English garrison at Monaghan Castle
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What was the english response to the battle of Clontibret?
They sent relief under Sir Henry Bagenal , his army of 1,750 marched to relieved Monaghan Castle
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What was the result of the battle of Clontribret?
Bagenal was ambushed at Clontibret by O'Neill's force of 4000, the irish gained a notable victory, Bagenal suffered heavy losses
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What was the result of the battle of the Yellow Ford, 1598?
Bagenal's force of 4000 was confronted by an Irish army of over 5000, it was led by O'Neill, O'Donnell and Maguire, they defetaed the English and killed Bagenal
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What was the result of the battle of Curlew Pass, 1599?
Clifford was urged by the Earl of Essex (who was sent to end the rebellion) to go north and relieve an Englisha ally, The O'Connor Sligo, Clifford's army of 2000 was ambushed by 1800 irish men, Clifford was killed and lost over 200 men
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What happened at the battle of Kinsale?
In september 1601, a spanish fleet of 28 warships occupied the port of Kinsale and 3300 men landed, to the surpriseof the English government who feared invasion
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Why did the Spanish land in Kinsale?
They had been advised to by O'Neill who hoped it would lead to an uprising
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What was the result of the battle of Kinsale?
O'N and O'D went to support Spanish allies, the English quickly laid seigeto Kinsale with 12,000 men, the armies clashed and the English won, O'Donnell left for Spain for more aid, O'Neill retreated to Ulster, Aguila (leader of spanish) surrendered
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What happened at the seige of Dunboy, 1602?
President of Munster Sir George Carew conducted a sweep of the province to eliminate any rebel resistance, the assualt of Dunboy castle came after a seige of 2 weeks, the next day it ended with a victory of 5000 Englishmen, rebels were killed or hung
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Who was Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone
The son of Matthew, claim to the head of the O'Neill clan
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Why did The Lord Depurt of Ireland, Sir John Perrot favour splitting the O'Neill lorship between the two claimants ( Hugh O'Neill and Turlough O'Neill)?
It would weaken their power and make it easier to control them and therefore Ulster as it was the last province in Ireland independent from English rule with Perrot wanted to change
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Why was O'Neill an effective military leader?
He trained men withhin his lordship, encouraged English soldiers in Ireland to serve him, hired mercenaries from Scotland, purchased latest military technology, munitions and weapons
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Why was Hugh Roe O'Donnell an enemy of the English?
In the feud over the inheritance, Perrot supported his half brother, Hugh was kidnapped by Perot's men, before escaping
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Why was Hugh O'Donnell a good leader of the rebellion?
He was a skilled soldier and commander who led by example and inspired his men to fight with ferocity
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What was Florence McCarthy's role in the rebellion?
In 1600 he decided to join O'Neill were he fought a battle against the english in which he was defeated , he was captured an imprisoned in the tower, he played no further part
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Why did Henry Bagenal have a personal interest in destroying O'Neill?
O'Neill had asked Bagenal for his sisters hand in marriage, he refused and they eloped
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What were Bagenal's military exploits?
He defeated Hugh maguire, he captired Enniskillen after a 9 day seige, he raised seige at Monaghan castle (although defeated), relieved garrison at Armagh, he was killed at the battle of Yellow Ford
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When did Elizabeth appoint Robert Devereux Lord Lieutenant of Ireland?
March 1599
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What was the Earl of Essex's initial plan to defeat the rebels?
A short and swudt campaign to crush the rebels
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How did Essex reduce O'Neill's allies?
He captured Cahir castle and relieved the garrison at Askeaton
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What was Essex's response when he realised O'neill would not be easily defeated?
He met with him and they agreed a truce as he didn't want to commit to a long military campaign
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What was the consequence of the truce?
Elizabeth was furious, Essex dispersed his army and returned to court, the rebellion continued
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Who was appointed in 1600 to govern the kingdom and suppress the rebellion?
Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy
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What was Lord Mountjoy's aproach to suppressing the rebellion?
Scorched earth tactics, destroy the countryside to deny rebels food
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How did Mountjoy defeat O'Neill at Kinsale?
When the spanish landed in Kinsale, he lay seige forcing O'Neill to march south to protect spanish troops, he defeated O'Neill's forces and forced the Spansih garrison to surrender
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How did the 9 year war end?
O'Neil was pursued on his retreat to Ulster where he was forced to surrender to Mountjoy in december 1602, by march 1603 terms had been agreed and the war ended with an English victory
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What were the reasons for the duration of the nine years war?
leadership qualities of O'Neill, fighting qualities of O'Donnell, healed divisions between irish clans, failure of crown to recognise the scale of the rebellion, the terrain suited the irish, support from scotland and spain
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What were the reasons to rebellion failed?
The rebellion wasn't national is was centred in Ulster, scorched earth policy worked, spanish invasion was too little too late,
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What were the reasons why the english were victorious?
Superior numbers and resources, english militarty campaigners such as Bagenal was exceptionally gifted, irish clan leaders were bribed into surrendering due to English finances, spanish wouldnt commit after the defeat at kinsale
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How did Sir Turlough Luineach O'Neill contribute to causing the nine years war?

Back

He wanted to rule the ONeill clan and lordship, his rivalry with Hugh O'Neill was violent and led to the political instability in Ulster

Card 3

Front

How did Henry Bagenal contribute to causing the nine years war?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How did the crown's irish governers and the crown's planation of Ulster contribute to causing the nine years war?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How did competeing factions in the royal court contribute to causing the nine years war?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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