Types Of Proteins

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What is a globular protein?
A compact, water soluble protein that is usually spherical due to the hydrophobic R-groups on the inside and the hydrophilic R-groups are on the outside (also making it soluble)
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Give an example of a globular protein and explain its structure and function
Insulin- A hormone which regulates blood glucose levels, needs to be soluble to transport in the blood, needs to be a specific shape to bind to cell receptors
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What is a conjugated protein?
A globular protein that has a prosthetic group, prosthetic groups can be mineral ions and molecules from vitamins.
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Name a prosthetic group found in haemoglobin and catalase
Haem group- contains a iron(||) ion, (Fe 2+)
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Explain the function of haemoglobin in terms of protein structure
Haemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood, it is a quaternary protein (made up of 4 polypeptides, 2 alpha subunits and 2 beta subunits), Has a prosthetic haem group where the iron ion can reversibly bind with oxygen
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Explain the function of catalase in terms of protein structure
Catalase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide, the enzyme is specific to this particular reaction, it is a quaternary protein and the iron ion in its haem group interacts with the hydrogen peroxide and helps speed up the break down
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What is a fibrous protein?
A long insoluble polypeptide due to the repetitive sequence of amino acids, giving it an organised straight structure. Also the proportion of amino acids with hydrophobic R-groups makes the fibrous proteins are insoluble
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Explain the function of keratin in terms of its protein structure
Present in hair, nails and skin, it has a high proportion of sulfur-containing amino acids, meaning a lot of disulfide bridges are formed. The number of bonds determine the flexibility (hair has fewer disulfide bridges than nails)
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Explain the function of elastin in terms of protein structure
Found in elastic fibres, walls of blood vessels and alveoli, they gire the structures flexibility but also helps it return to its normal size. It is a quaternary protein made from many stretchy polypeptides called tropoelastin
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Explain the function of collagen in terms of protein structure
A connective tissue in skin tendons ligaments and the nervous system, there are different forms of collagen but they are all made of 3 polypeptide chains wrapped together in a strong rope-like structure, it all is flexible
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give an example of a globular protein and explain its structure and function

Back

Insulin- A hormone which regulates blood glucose levels, needs to be soluble to transport in the blood, needs to be a specific shape to bind to cell receptors

Card 3

Front

What is a conjugated protein?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name a prosthetic group found in haemoglobin and catalase

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain the function of haemoglobin in terms of protein structure

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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