takes place in the setting or context where the target behaviour would usually occur. environment are free to vary. normally it would take place
1 of 19
controlled observation
control certain aspects of the research situation so a controlled environment is preferred. In a controlled observation there is some over varibales, including manipulating variables to observe the effects and control of extraneous variables
2 of 19
Covert observation
participants don't know they are being observed. they are the focus of the study and their behaviour is observed in secrets.
3 of 19
Overt observation
when participants know their behaviour is being observed and have given their informed consent before hand
4 of 19
participant observation
observer become part of the group being studied
5 of 19
non-participant obsevations
when the researcher remain separate from those they are studying and records behaviour in a more objective manner
6 of 19
evaluation of naturalistic observation:
have high external validity. findings can be generalised to everyday life. normally occur. however replication is difficult because cant control. difficult to judge behaviour.
7 of 19
evaluation of controlled observation
produce findings that cannot be readily applied to real-life setting. extraneous variables may be less of a factor so replication of observation becomes easier
8 of 19
covert observation evaluation
the fact that participants do not know they are being watched removes the problem of participant reactivity.behaviours are natural.increases validity.however ethics public may not want their behaviours to be noted.
9 of 19
over observation evaluation
are more ethically acceptable but the knowledge participants have that they are being observed may change their behaviour for social desirability
10 of 19
participant observation evaluation
researcher can experience the situation as the participants do. increase insight into the lives of the people being studied. this may increase validity of the findings. researcher may loose objectivity. the researcher being participants becomes blur.
11 of 19
non participant observation evaluation
allow researcher to maintain an objective psychological difference from their participants. however they may lose the valuable insight to be gained in a participant observation as they are too far removed from the people and behaviour they are studyi
12 of 19
structured design of observation
behavioural categories make the recording of data easier and more systematic. data likely to be numerical, which means analysing and comparing is more straightforward.
13 of 19
unstructured observation
tend to produce qualitative data which may be more difficult to record and analyse. however data is more richness and depth. though greater risk of observer bias. no behavioural categories.researcher may record behaviours that catch their eye(no impo
14 of 19
behavioural categories
when a target behaviour is broke up into components that are observable and measurable.
15 of 19
event sampling
a target behaviour or event is first established then the researcher records this event every time it occurs
16 of 19
time sampling
a target or group is firsted established then the researcher records behaviour in a fixed time frame say 60 secs
17 of 19
event sampling evaluation
useful, behaviours are always recorded dont miss anything. however, if the event is too complex the observer may overlook important details. researcher may be tired and fatigued because there is no time frame
18 of 19
time sampling evaluation
effective in reducing the number of observation that have to be made. when behaviour is sampled might be unrepresentative of the observation as a whole
19 of 19
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
controlled observation
Back
control certain aspects of the research situation so a controlled environment is preferred. In a controlled observation there is some over varibales, including manipulating variables to observe the effects and control of extraneous variables
Comments
No comments have yet been made