Endel Tulving (1985) - cognotive psychologist: LTM in MSM is too simplistic and inflexible. Proposed that there are 3 LTM stores
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what are the 3 LTM stores
episodic, semantic and procedural.
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episodic memory definition
recall personal events: records when it occurred, people, object, places and behavior involved.
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3 characteristics of episodic memory
time stamped, include several elements e.g. place and people, have to make a conscious effort to recall it
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semantic memory defintion
knowledge of the world
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3 characteristics of semantic memory
includes facts and what words and concepts mean, not time stamped (not personal), usually need to be recalled deliberately
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procedural memory definition
knowledge on how we do things: memory of learned skills
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characteristics of procedural memory
can be recalled without conscious awareness
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main evaluation points for types of long term memory
clinical evidence, neuroimaging evidence, real life applications, problem with clinical evidence, 3 or 2 types of LTM?
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evaluation of types of LTM - clinical evidence
Molalson and Wearing both has impaired episodic memory due to amnesia. their semantic memory wasn't affected and had good procedural memory supporting view that we have different memory types stored in different parts of the brain
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evaluation of types of LTM - Neuroimaging evidence
tucking et al (1994) memory tasks using a PET scanner. found episodic and semantic in left and right of prefrontal cortex. physical evidence of different types
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evaluation of types of LTM - real life application
Bellevilee et all (2006): episodic can be improved with older people who have cognitive impairment. shows that it has enabled specific treatment to be developed
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evaluation of types of LTM - problem with clinical evidence
lack of control of variables, lack external validity
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evaluation of types of LTM - 3 or 2 types of LTM?
Choen and Squire (1980) episodic and semantic are stored together in declarative memory (consciously recalled) - declarative and non declarative memory
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
episodic, semantic and procedural.
Back
what are the 3 LTM stores
Card 3
Front
recall personal events: records when it occurred, people, object, places and behavior involved.
Back
Card 4
Front
time stamped, include several elements e.g. place and people, have to make a conscious effort to recall it
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