Tudor Parliament (Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI & Mary Overview) (LOTS OF DETAIL for Elizabeth)

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[Henry VII] What was the frequency and function of Parliament under Henry VII?
Called 7 times throughout his reign. It was largely concerned with issues regarding national security and raising revenue.
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[Henry VII] Were any important decisions made by Parliament under Henry VII?
No
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[Henry VII] What are examples of cooperation with the Monarch?
Granted extraordinary revenue through fifteenths and tenths in 1487, 1489, 1491 and 1497.
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[Henry VII] What is an example of Parliament challenging the Monarch?
Henry had to promise the Parliament of 1504 not to raise any more money through extraordinary taxation.
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[Henry VIII] What was the frequency and function of Parliament under Henry VIII?
Only called 4 times before 1529. Its two main functions were to grant extraordinary revenue and to pass laws.
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[Henry VIII] Were any important decisions made by Parliament under Henry VIII?
Act of Supremacy in November 1534 and Act of Succession in April 1534
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[Henry VIII] What are examples of cooperation with the Monarch?
Provided extraordinary revenue for invasions of Scotland and France 1514. They also provided extraordinary revenue for invasion of France 1523. (Largely through the labours of Wolsey's efforts)
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[Henry VIII] What is an example of Parliament challenging the Monarch?
Parliament did not allow Wolsey to secure as much money as desired through the 1523 Tudor subsidy.
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[Edward VI] What was the frequency and function of Parliament under Edward VI?
Parliament was rarely used under Somerset. He ruled by proclamations to side step Parliament (76 in less than 2 years). Northumberland ruled largely through the Privy council. He did make an attempt to use Parliament but it fell through.
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[Edward VI] Were any important decisions made by Parliament under Edward VI?
Would have been used by Northumberland in June 1553 to ratify the Devyse plan, but fell through due to Edward's death.
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[Edward VI] Are there any examples of cooperation with the Monarch?
No
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[Edward VI] What is an example of Parliament challenging the Monarch? Somerset's authority had not been officially granted by Parliament.
Somerset's authority had not been officially granted by Parliament.
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[Mary] What was the frequency and function of Parliament under Mary?
She ruled with a concilliar monarchy and there were 5 Parliments during her short reign, the first three in yearly succession - showing high frequency of usage.
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[Mary] Did Mary show initiative in court?
Yes, she appointed 50 new councillors, including Churchmen to aid her counter-reformation and even kept some of Edwards councillors for stability.
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[Mary] Were any important decisions made by the Parliament under Mary?
Yes, the reformation had occured through Parliament, so the counter reformation had to occur through parliament too, such as the 1553 repeal of Edwardian Religious Laws.
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[Mary] Are there any examples of cooperation with the monarch?
1554 Heresy Laws restored with ease.
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[Mary] Are there any examples of Parliament challenging the Monarch?
80 MPs voted against the first act of repeal in 1553 and Mary was fored to leave Church-lands with councillors for 1555 repeal of Royal Supremacy.
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How many times was Parliament summoned in Elizabeth's reign?
13 times during Elizabeth's 46-year reign.
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What was Parliament's primary use by Elizabeth?
It was mostly used for financial grants, which were asked for in 11 of the 13 sessions.
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What was Parliament principally?
It was principally a legislative, rather than a political, body.
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How did Elizabeth control Parliament?
1. Directly intervening to preserve the royal prerogative. 2. Proroguing and dissolving Parliament. 3. Having her councillors present in Parliament. 4. Imprisoning awkward members.
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How did Elizabeth often justify the requests for supply?
Through raising the twin issues of national security and religion.
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What are some examples of financial cooperation?
The 1589 double subsidy and 1593 triple subsidy.
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What religious discourse occured in the 25 Jan - 8 May 1559 Parliament?
There was opposition (allegedly from the Puritans in the House of Commons, but most likely from Catholics in the Lords) after a bill was introduced by the Queen and Council to restore royal supremacy over the Church of England.
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How did Elizabeth respond to the religious discourse in the 25 Jan - 8 May 1559 Parliament?
After Parliament initially refused to pass the bill, Elizabeth imprisoned John White (Bishop of Winchester) and Thomas Watson (Bishop of Lincoln) after their public disputes with protestants. Elizabeth also created an unusually small number of heredi
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What main discourse occurred in the 12 Jan - 10 April 1563 AND 30 Sept 1566 - 2 Jan 1567 Parliaments?
Elizabeth's royal prerogative was challenged by the Council (who were worried after her recent illness), who requested that Elizabeth marry and name a successor. In 1566 William Cecil organised a joint delegation to the Queen and worded their request
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How did Elizabeth respond to her royal prerogative being challenged in the 12 Jan - 10 April 1563 AND 30 Sept 1566 - 2 Jan 1567 Parliaments?
Elizabeth forbade further discussion on the subject of marriage after promising she would marry.
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What religious discourse occurred in the 2 April - 29 May 1571 Parliament?
After the excommunication of Elizabeth from the Pope in 1570, there was push from more radical protestant MPs to remove all popish elements from the English church. The campaign later centred on a document called the Admonition to Parliament.
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How did Elizabeth respond to the religious discourse in the 2 April - 29 May 1571 Parliament?
More pressing matters, such as the execution of Norfolk meant nothing was done to resolve the issue before Parliament's proroguing in '71.
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What issues regarding security occurred in the 2 April - 29 May 1571 Parliament?
The council, fearing for the safety of the Queen after the Ridolfi Plot, pushed for the execution of the Catholic heir Mary, Queen of Scots. A campaign to exclude Mary from the English throne was led by two councillors.
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How did Elizabeth respond to the security issues of the 2 April - 29 May 1571 Parliament?
Elizabeth agreed to execute the Duke of Norfolk, who had been implicated in the Ridolfi plot. She refused to agree to the execution of Mary (using her veto), but promised to consider excluding Mary from the succession, and then prorogued Parliament.
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What political discourse occurred in the 8 Feb - 15 March 1576 Parliament?
Elizabeth requested money even though the country was at peace, Peter Wentworth seized it as an opportunity to recklessly demand free speech in Parliament.
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How did Elizabeth (and others) respond to political the discourse of the 8 Feb - 15 March 1576 Parliament?
Elizabeth continued to impose her limited version of free speech on the Commons. Wentworth was actually sent to the Tower by the Commons for offensive remarks made against the Queen.
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What issues regarding security occurred in the 23 Nov 1584 - 29 March 1585 Parliament?
Parliament was called to provide for the Queen's safety, following the assassination of William, Prince of Orange, and the discovery of a plot by Mary, Queen of Scots to kill Elizabeth.
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How did Elizabeth respond to the security issues of the 23 Nov 1584 - 29 March 1585 Parliament?
Elizabeth stopped Burghley's attempt to make the Bond of Association statute law (although the first Act of Safety was similar). She also safeguarded the rights of Mary's son James - even if his mother were implicated in a plot against her.
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What security issues were raised in the 29 Oct 1586 - March 1 Parliament?
Elizabeth's councillors wanted Parliament to persuade Elizabeth to agree to the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots.
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How did Elizabeth respond to the security issues raised from the 29 Oct 1586 - March 1 Parliament?
Elizabeth refused to commit herself, until Walsingham revealed the (manufactured) Stafford Plot, which frightened her into signing Mary's death warrant.
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What religious discourse occurred in the 29 Oct 1586 - March 1 Parliament?
Debates ensued around the emerging threat of Presbyterianism, with Anthony Cope's re-introduction of Turner's 'Bill and Book' (attempted to be raised in the 84 - 85 Parliament).
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How did Elizabeth respond to the religious discourse from the the 29 Oct 1586 - March 1 Parliament?
Although the Commons decided to hear Cope's bill, Elizabeth intervened to prevent it from proceeding. Wentworth, Cope, and three others were arrested for discussing the bill outside Parliament.
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What financial discourse occurred in the 24 October 1597 - 9 Feb 1598 and 27 October - 19 December 1601 Parliaments?
Both Parliaments were called so that Elizabeth could request subsidies to finance the war against Spain. However, MPs aired their grievances over heavy financial demands and the Queen's granting of monopolies.
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How did Elizabeth respond to the financial discourse from the 24 October 1597 - 9 Feb 1598 and 27 October - 19 December 1601 Parliaments?
The Queen ignored the complaints initially but by 1601 she promised to cancel some monopolies and to suspend others. She preserved her prerogative and subsidies by conceding to Parliament's demands.
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[Henry VII] Were any important decisions made by Parliament under Henry VII?

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No

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[Henry VII] What are examples of cooperation with the Monarch?

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Card 4

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[Henry VII] What is an example of Parliament challenging the Monarch?

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[Henry VIII] What was the frequency and function of Parliament under Henry VIII?

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