Tuberculosis, Bacterial diseases Case Study

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  • Created by: Emily
  • Created on: 05-05-13 21:35
What is the most common form of bacteria causing TB?
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
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What is the name of the TB bacterium that particularly affects cattle, and how does it infect humans?
Mycobacterium Bovis: People become infected by drinking infected milk or living and working in close contact with cattle
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How is Mycobacterium Tuberculosis spread?
Droplet infection: People breathing, coughing and sneezing near each other
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What allows the bacteria to lie dormant for years?
Thick waxy cell walls which protects them from the enzymes of the macrophages
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Give three stages of primary infection
Inflamitary response, A Tubercule forms, Infection is controlled
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What is a Tubercule?
A mass of tissue, also known as granuloma, which contain dead bacteria and macrophages at their centre
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when does Active Tuberculosis happen?
When there are too many bacteria for the immune response to deal with, or when the immune system is too weak to deal with it.
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How does TB cause death?
Individual being unable to get enough oxygen through damaged lungs. Organ failure. Secondary infection
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Where does the the bacteria attack?
Respiratory system and Immune system
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What effect does an attack on the immune system have?
Suppresses the immune system, making the body less able to fight the disease
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In which part of the lung are bacteria most likely to multiply and why?
The upper part, because they respire aerobically
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Give five symptoms of TB
Persistent cough (blood and sputum), Weight loss, Lack of appetite, High temperature, extreme tiredness
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How is TB treated?
Firstly a cocktail of antibiotics is used to kill all mycobacteria, even resistant ones. This is followed by 4-7 months of taking two different types of antibiotics. It can take 12-18 months for a patient to be free from TB
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Why is improved living conditions such an effective way of controlling the disease?
Less crowded living and working conditions means people are less likely to contract the disease. If people are healthier and better fed they are less likely to develop the active disease.
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How can infection from mycobacterium Bovis be controlled?
Treating the disease in cattle and pasturising or heating milk before its drunk
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What immunisation is used?
The BCG vaccine is an attenuated strain of mycobacterium which is given as a single injection
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What are the benefits of using chest x-rays to diagnose TB?
diagnoses can be done easily and cheaply
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What will a chest X-ray show?
TB damage to the lungs as opaque areas and large, thick-walled cavities.
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Why can chest X-rays not confirm TB?
Other diseases can give similar images
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What diagnostic technique is being developed, and why is it better than X-rays?
DNA examination. It is quick and easy and gives relatively immediate and reliable results.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the name of the TB bacterium that particularly affects cattle, and how does it infect humans?

Back

Mycobacterium Bovis: People become infected by drinking infected milk or living and working in close contact with cattle

Card 3

Front

How is Mycobacterium Tuberculosis spread?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What allows the bacteria to lie dormant for years?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give three stages of primary infection

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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