Trumans Civil Rights

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Number of AAs in 1945
14milllion, 10% of the population
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Typical jobs of southern AAs
Agriculture eg.sharecroppers, domestics, bell hops
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Southern black voters in the 1940s
3% in 1940-12% in 1947
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Poll tax Parks had to pay in 1945
$16.50
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Examples of registar questions
How many bubbles in a bar of soap?, literacy tests
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Legal status of AAs in the south
Little to no protection fro white police officers or from the white justices and juries of the law courts
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Great Migration
Life was better in the north so millions of AAs left the south to go north eg. better jobs like the Detroit Ford car plant and defence industries. Greater political power, consciouness and assertiveness
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De facto segregation in the north
Black and white people segregated in residential areas and some other public places in practice if not in law
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Nlack Congressmen in The House of Representatives (1945)
2. William Dawson (Chicago ghetto) and Adam Clayton Powell (NYC Harlem Ghetto)
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Impact of WWII on AAs
Migration, service in the armed forces, close proximity to whites and increased activism and oputunites
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AA servicemen after the war
When northern AAs were statione in the south they frequently defied Jim Crow Laws eg. When one man in New Orleans refused to move to the rear of the bus all 24 black passengers supported him ending up in prison but showing changing attitudes
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GI Bill of Rights
Record numbers attened college, improving employment opputunties and made them more articulat ein their demand for authority
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Impat of close proximity to whites
Tensions at work and home eg, Alabama Dry Dock Company-jealously over the best jobs and white opposition to black males alongside white females. Stirred greater black consciousness and activism
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NAACP Wartime Membership rise
50,000 to 450,000
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President Roosevelts FEPC-why
A.Phillip Randolph threatened to bring DC to a standstill unless there was equality in the fores and work and Roosevelt needed black workers
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President Roosevelts FEPC-what
Promoted equality in the defence industry in which 2million AAs were employed
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CORE actions
Wartime sit-ins at segregated Chicago restaurants and a 1947 'Journey of Reoncilliation'-integrated group rode across the south to test SC rulings
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NAACP tactics
Economic boycotts eg. New Orleans (1947) picketed stores that wouldn't let black women try on hats. lITIGATION
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Henderson v United States
Segregation on railroad dining cars was illegal
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McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
A black student could not be physically separated from white students in the University of Oklahoma
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Sweatt v. Painter
A separate black Texan law school was not equal to the all white University of Texas law school, to which the petitioner had therefore to be admitted
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How many of the black adult population voted in 1946 Georgia Gubernatorial
One fifth. This brought great change eg. sic black officers in Savannah
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How many members did the Mississippi Progressive voters League attract in 1947?
5000. White supremacy halted black activism in georgia from 1948 but it flourished in Louisianna and Mississippi
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Main aim of the civil rights campaign
Elicit action by the federal and state authorities to provide for political, social and economic equality
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What did Truman support as a senator in the 1930s
Legislation against the poll tax and lynching. Roosevelt had chose him due to his good civil rights record
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What did he fail to get re-approval for from Congress for in 1945-6
FEPC
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What was the report that a liberal committee made called?
To secure these rights (1949)
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What did the report 'To Secure These Rights' call for?
For the US to live up to its claim of being leader of the free world by treating AAs equally. It advocated the elimination of segregation from American life through the use of federal power
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What were the suggestions 'To Secure These Rights' made?
Anti-lynching legislation, abolition of poll tax, voting rights laws, a permanent FEPC, end to discrimination in interstate travel and in the armed forces, civil rights division in the Justice Department. Congress ignored them
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Executive Orders
End discrimination in the armed forces and guarantee fair employment in the federal bureaucracy. Army resisted for as long as they could until the pressures of the Korean War
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Executive Order No. 10308
Established the Committee on Government Contract Compliance (CGCC) which put pressure on companies with federal contracts to end discrimination
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Was Truman actually after the black vote?
His stance alienated voters in the formerly solid south and led to Thurmond's dixiecrat challenge so it seems more likely that Truman was motivated by fairness
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Issues with the Supreme Court?
No powers of enforcement, relied on the president and congress to enforce its rulings and Congress did nothing in the Truman years
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By 1952 how many states retained the poll tax?
5-showing state and local government proved helpful
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By 1952 how many states and cities had fair employment laws?
11 states and 20 cities
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By 1952 how many states had legislation against some form of racial discrimination?
19
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What made a Clayton High School in Delaware admit black children?
Black parental pressure, a state court ruling and an enlightened school board
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Why did southern states remain pro-segregation?
State governments in the south were still very pro-segregation and they controlled voting, education and transportation within the state so nothing changed
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Typical jobs of southern AAs

Back

Agriculture eg.sharecroppers, domestics, bell hops

Card 3

Front

Southern black voters in the 1940s

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Poll tax Parks had to pay in 1945

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Examples of registar questions

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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