Intentional, direct anfd immediate application or unlawful forcde to another
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Intention can include transferred intent
Livingstone v Ministry of Defence
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Does not mean that they meant to hurt individuals
Williams v Humphrey - push someone in swimming pool got hurt.
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Direct & Immediate case, Scott v Shepard
Throwing a firework into the market, althogh thrown by other members still liable
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Direct & Immediate case, DPP v K
sulphric acid .. student uses it afterwards .. not immediate held liable.
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Wilson v Pringle
Schoolboys playing 1 got injured. The D argued that it was not an actionable battery as there was no hostility/intention to injure. held that the claim would fail if the D could demonstrate that the touchin was hostile
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Collins v Wilcocks
provides the def by Lrd Goff and the actual general expecetions.
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Assault
an act which causes another to apprehend the infliction of immediate unlawful force upon his person
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Read v Coke
leeves rolled up and told him that they would break his neck if he didn't leave. Assault.
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Stephen v Myers
he defendant made a violent gesture at the plaintiff by waiving a clenched fist, but was prevented from reaching him by the intervention of third parties. The defendant was liable for assault.
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