Koch discovered that different chemical dyes stained different microbes
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magic bullets Emil
Emil von Behring discovered that the body manufactures antitoxins that only attack the microbe causing the disease
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What did Paul Ehrlich and his team of researchers search for?
They searched for a 'magic bullet' a chemical compound that would attack and kill the microbe causing a specific disease
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The team worked for several years doing what?
helped by German government funding they tested many compounds of Salvarsan to find one to cure syphilis
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1909 Dr Hata
In 1909 Dr Hata joined the team and discovered that they had rejected a compound that worked - the 606th compound
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1932 Gerhard Domagk
developed the second magic bullet (PRONTOSIL) which cured some types of bloody poisoning
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What did other scientists checking Domagks work discover?
that the key ingredient in prontosil (sulphonamide) also cured pneumonia, scarlet fever and meningitis
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Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Flemming 1928 was the start of discoveries
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Penicillin 1928
Alexander Flemming noticed that bacteria in a petri dish were being killed by a penicillium mould. He tested it on other bacteria and noticed that it was an excellent antibiotic (Penicillin)
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1929 Penicillin
FLeming published his findings but had no funding to continue his research
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What happened several years later with Flemings research?
Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and their team continued Flemings research on penicillin
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Was penicillin proved effective?
It was proved effective on mice so they tested it on humans penicillin killed bacteria therefore the infection it was a miracle drug
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What was a problem with the production of penicillin?
the mould had to be grown in huge quantities to be effective. With many factories damaged during raids during WW2 and UK drug companies were working flat out to provide drugs needed for the war. So was very difficult to get people to produce it
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June 1941 Florey
asked US drug companies for help. They refused but when they entered the war and needed antibiotics for injured soldiers the US government offered funding
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Growth of the pharmaceutical industry
chemical cures (magic bullets) and substances that cure bacterial infections (antibiotics) led to rapid growth in the pharmaceutical industry
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At first how were most cures given?
Most cures were injected but technology developed in the late 19th cent was now used to mass produce pills so people could take them at home
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How has advanced technology helped research since 1900?
X-ray, crystallography and electron microscopes
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How has advanced technology helped treatment since 1900?
pacemakers, dialysis machines, incubators, radio therapy, hypodermic needles
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How has advanced technology helped diagnosis since 1900?
MRI, CT and ultrasound scans, X-rays and endoscopes
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How has advanced technology helped monitoring since 1900?
blood pressure kits, blood sugar level kits
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What was the downside to some of the advancements?
some of this was still very expensive and needs specialised training to use
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Magic bullets Koch
Back
Koch discovered that different chemical dyes stained different microbes
Card 3
Front
magic bullets Emil
Back
Card 4
Front
What did Paul Ehrlich and his team of researchers search for?
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