Protein required, along the concentration gradient e.g. glucose transporters
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Primary Active Transport
Protein required, against the concentration gradient directed by ATP hydrolsis e.g. NA+K+ ATPase.
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Secondary Active Transport
Protein required, against the concentration gradient directed by ATP hydrolsis. Gradient of ion used to couple transport, can be symporter or antiport.
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P-class pumps
Transport of ions, specific to one or two kinds of ions, e.g Na+/K+
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V-class pumps
Only transport H+. Maintain a low pH in vacuoles and lysosomes.
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F-class pumps
Only transport H+. Transport protons down their electrochemical gradient, to power ATP synthesis pumps in mitochondria.
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ATP binding cassette
Diverse class of pumps, transport all kinds of molecules e.g protein. Contains two trans-membrane domains and two cytosolic domains which bind to ATP.
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Chloroquine
Prevent and treat malaria. Taken orally.
10 of 25
Vasicular Neurotransmitter Transports
Inhibitory/excitatory amino acid transporter, amine transporters. Used for neuronal identification.
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Vesicular Glutamate Transporters
VGLUTs 1-3. Pack the neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles, released into the synapse.
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Plasma Membrane Transporters
Noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-HT, excitatory amino acid, GABA and glycine.
13 of 25
Glia
Non-neuronal cells in the CNS which maintain homeostasis, form myelin and provide support and protect for neurons,
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Roles of Schwann Cells
Hold neurons in place to supply nutrients and oxygen; insulation; destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons; neurotransmitter and synaptic connections.
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Serotonin
Monoamine neurotransmitter, contributes to well-being and happiness. Found in enteric nervous system of the GI tract. Produced in the raphe nuclei in the brain stem.
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Citalopram
Antidepressant drug of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class.
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Dopamine Transporter
Pumps the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synaptic cleft back into cytosol, turn it to vesicles for storage.
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Dexamfetamine
Blocks monoamine transporters, potent in the CNS. Treats deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy.
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Amfetamine
Increases levels of CNS stimulation
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Cocaine
Inhibition of Dopamine Transporter (DAT) in through the Zn2+ binding site.
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Glutamate Transporters
Neurotransmitter transporter proteins that move glutamate across the membrane. Two sub classes: vesicular glutamate transporter family and excitatory amino acid transporter family
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Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Family
Move glutamate from the cell cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles
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Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter Tamily
Removes glutamate from synaptic cleft via glutamate reuptake into glial cells and neurons.
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Riluzole
Drug which treats ALS. A disease which attacks nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The drug delays ventilator-dependence and increases survival rates by 2-3 months.
25 of 25
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
No protein required e.g. glycerol
Back
Passive Diffusion
Card 3
Front
Protein required, along the concentration gradient e.g. glucose transporters
Back
Card 4
Front
Protein required, against the concentration gradient directed by ATP hydrolsis e.g. NA+K+ ATPase.
Back
Card 5
Front
Protein required, against the concentration gradient directed by ATP hydrolsis. Gradient of ion used to couple transport, can be symporter or antiport.
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