Transport Systems

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  • Created by: Aleena
  • Created on: 27-10-18 12:57
Reasons for a transport system in multi cellular organisms?
1)Bigger the organism-the further the oxygen has to travel,diffusion is a slow process-so the innermost would die cos it took oxygen so long to reach them 2)SA:Vol ratio decreases the bigger you are 3)Increased level of activity
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Increasing level of activity?
larger animals more active generally-cos they have more cells : so there's a greater demand for oxygen/nutrients & to get rid of waste-but diffusion isn't sufficient enough
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mass flow
movement of materials-with some sort of a force causing it e.g. blood flowing due to heart pumping
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2 types of circulatory systems in vertebrates?
single & double- this refers to how many times the blood passes thru heart in one complete circuit of the body
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Single Circulatory System (found in fish)
blood passes thru heart once per circuit. Deoxygenated blood pumped to Gills by heart, where it absorbs oxygen and excretes CO2. the oxygenated blood travels to other areas to deliver oxygen, before returning to heart
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how many ventricles and atria does a heart have in a single circulatory system?
It only has 1 ventricle and 1 atrium as there's only one circulation
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Double Circulatory system (found in mammals)
Blood passes thru heart twice per circuit. Heart is divided into left + right.
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left + right side of heart
left:deals with oxygenated blood right: deoxygenated blood. Blood leaves right side of heart travels to lungs,gets oxygenated then goes to left side of heart-then pumped to organs and returns to right side again
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What is the exception when the oxygenated blood from the organs doesn't return to heart?
oxygenated blood goes to gut-but then goes to liver via the hepatic portal vein before returning to heart
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why is double better than single-evolutionary terms?
fish are older than mammals-so reasonable to think double c.system evolved from single-therefore it is an improvement of the single.
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Advantages of double vs single c. system
Pressure+Speed of Blood drops in capillaries. in double, blood only travels thru once in capillary network but in single twice-therefore double maintains a higher pressure+speed-helps to maintain steep conc.gradients-makes exchange efficient
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closed circulatory system (vertebrates)
blood circulates entirely within blood vessels
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open circulatory system (insects)
blood is not always confined within blood vessels but also enters the body cavity
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Card 2

Front

Increasing level of activity?

Back

larger animals more active generally-cos they have more cells : so there's a greater demand for oxygen/nutrients & to get rid of waste-but diffusion isn't sufficient enough

Card 3

Front

mass flow

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

2 types of circulatory systems in vertebrates?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Single Circulatory System (found in fish)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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