The sticking together (attraction) between molecules of the same type.
Suction that causes molecules to be pulled.
7. What evidence is there for mass flow?
If a ring of bark is removed from a woody stem a bulge forms above the ring because the sugars can't move past the area where the bark has been removed. This is evidence that there is a downward flow of sugars.
If a ring of bark is removed from a woody stem a bulge forms below the ring because sugars can't move past. This is evidence that there is a upward flow of sugars.
8. What is the vacuolar pathway?
Movement of water through the cytoplasm through the plasma membrane. The cytoplasm of cells is connected through plasmodesmata.
Movement of water through the vacuole.
Movement of water through cell walls, allowing mineral ions and salts to be carried with the water.
9. What is the mass flow hypothesis?
The best supported theory for how solutes are transported from the source to the sink by translocation.
The theory that all substances move in coordination with gravity.
The theory that plants transport all substances in one tube and not xylem and phloem.
10. What is the SINK in transportation of solutes?
The uptake of ions in the roots.
The removal of ions from a plant.
The site where assimilates (solutes) are used up. e.g. roots
The site of production of assimilates (solutes). e.g. leaves
11. What is the apoplast pathway?
Movement of water through cell walls, allowing mineral ions and salts to be carried with the water.
Movement of water through the cytoplasm through the plasma membrane. The cytoplasm of cells is connected through plasmodesmata.
Movement of water through the vacuole.
12. What are companion cells?
Living cells that connect phloem tissue together.
Living cells found in phloem that support sieve tube elements by carrying out the living functions for them e.g. providing energy
Dead cells that assist sieve tube elements by controlling what they do.
13. What transports organic substances up and down the plant/
Symplastic Pathway
Phloem Tissue
Transpiration
Xylem Tissue
14. What transports water, minerals and ions up from the roots to the leaves?
Transpiration
Apoplastic Pathway
Xylem Tissue
Phloem Tissue
15. What are sieve tube elements?
Dead cells that 'sieve' out what solutes are allowed through and those that aren't
Living cells found in phloem that form the tube for transporting solutes. They have no nucleus and few organelles. They are supported by companion cells which carry out the living functions for sieve cells.
Living cells that 'sieve' out what solutes are allowed through and those that aren't
16. What apparatus can be used for estimating transpiration rate?
Water Potential Reader
Potometer
Transpirometer
Oxygen Meter
17. What factors affect transpiration rate?
Light Intensity. Humidity, Wet Soil
Light Intensity, Temperature, Humidity, Wind
Light Intensity, Wind, Mineral Concentration
Temperature only
18. What is tension?
Suction that causes molecules to be pulled.
The sticking together (attraction) between molecules of the same type.
19. What is the symplast pathway?
Movement of water through the vacuole.
Movement of water through the cytoplasm through the plasma membrane. The cytoplasm of cells is connected through plasmodesmata.
Movement of water through cell walls, allowing mineral ions and salts to be carried with the water.
20. What is phloem tissue made of?
Cells arranged in tubes. Contains sieve tube elements and companion cells.
