Transition Metals

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High Boiling and Melting Point
The bonding between the atoms in transition metals is very strong. The strong attractive force between the atoms is only weakened at high temperatures, hence the high melting points and boiling points.
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Example: High Boiling and Melting Point
For example: iron melts at 1535°C and boils at 2750°C BUT a Group 1 Alkali Metals such as sodium melts at 98°C and boils at 883°C.
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High Density
Another consequence of the strong bonding between the atoms in transition metals is they are tightly held together to give a high density.
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Example: High Density
For example: iron has a density of 7.9 g/cm3 and sodium has a density of 0.97 g/cm3 (and floats on water while fizzing! water has a density of 1.0 g/cm3).
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Form coloured compounds and ions in solutions
Transition metals tend to form more coloured compounds more than other elements either in solid form or dissolved in a solvent.
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Colours of some transition metal salts in aqueous solution (1)
(a) Sc - scandium salts such as the chloride, ScCl3, are colourless and not typical of transition metals. (b) Ti - titanium(III) chloride, TiCl3, is purple
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Colours of some transition metal salts in aqueous solution (2)
(a) V - vanadium(III) chloride, VCl3, is green (b) Cr - chromium(III) sulphate, Cr2(SO4)3, is dark green
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Colours of some transition metal salts in aqueous solution (3)
(a) Mn - potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4, is purple (b) Fe - iron(III) chloride, FeCl3, is yellow-orange-brown
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Colours of some transition metal salts in aqueous solution (4)
(a) Co - cobalt sulphate, CoSO4, is pinkish (b) Ni - nickel chloride, NiCl2, is green
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Colours of some transition metal salts in aqueous solution (5)
(a) Cu - copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4, is deep blue (b) Zn - zinc salts such as zinc sulphate, ZnSO4, are usually colourless and not typical of transition metals
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Uses of Transition Metals
Transition metals are extremely useful metals on account of their physical or chemical properties. For example...
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Example: Uses of Transition Metals (1)
Cast iron is used for man-hole covers because it is so hard wearing
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Example: Uses of Transition Metals (2)
Copper is used in electrical wiring because it is a good conductor of electricity
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Example: Uses of Transition Metals (3)
Copper is used in domestic hot water pipes because it is relatively unreactive to water and therefore doesn't corrode easily
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Example: Uses of Transition Metals (4)
Zinc is used to galvanise (coat) iron or steel to sacrificially protect them from corrosion
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Example: Uses of Transition Metals (5)
Compounds of copper, iron, chromium and cobalt are used to give bright colours to stained glass
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

For example: iron melts at 1535°C and boils at 2750°C BUT a Group 1 Alkali Metals such as sodium melts at 98°C and boils at 883°C.

Back

Example: High Boiling and Melting Point

Card 3

Front

Another consequence of the strong bonding between the atoms in transition metals is they are tightly held together to give a high density.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

For example: iron has a density of 7.9 g/cm3 and sodium has a density of 0.97 g/cm3 (and floats on water while fizzing! water has a density of 1.0 g/cm3).

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Transition metals tend to form more coloured compounds more than other elements either in solid form or dissolved in a solvent.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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