Transition Metal Definitions Quiz

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A transition element is
A d-block element that forms an ion with an incomplete d sub shell
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The 4s sub shell has a lower energy than the 3d sub shell this means that
The 4s orbital fills before the orbitals in the 3d sub shell. The d block metals will have filled there 4s orbital before electrons are added to the 3d sub shell
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When forming ions in transition element chemisty, the 4s electrons are always removed
Before any electrons are taken from the 3d sub shells
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The transition elements from titanium to copper all form ions with two or more
Oxidation states, all forming compounds with ions in the 2+ oxidation state (this is usually the result of losing two electrons from 4s orbital, which are lost first as when full 4s is in a higher energy level that 3d)
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Transition elements are able to form coloured compounds due to
Absorbtion of a specific wavelength of light but reflection or transmission of another wavelength
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Transition elements show all the normal metallic properties such as
Shiny, high density, high melting and boiling points, existing in giant metallic lattices, delocalised electrons
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Transition elements can be used for everyday application eg
Titanium in joint replacement parts, nickel alloyed with copper for 'silver' coins etc
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Transition metals can be used as catalysts, they do this by providing a surface on which a reaction can take place, or by
Changing oxidation states and binding to reactants forming intermediates as part of a chemical pathway with a lower activation energy
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Chemical reactions that are catalysed by transition metals or their compounds include the Haber process to make ammonia, Contact process to make sulfuric acid and
Hydrogenation of alkenes to make saturated compounds, and Manganese (IV) oxide in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
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A precipitation reaction is one in which soluble ions, in seperate solutions, are mixed together to produce an insoluble compound -
This settles out of solution as a solid, the insoluble compound is called a precipitate
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Transition metal ions in aqueous solution react with aqueous sodium hydroxide, to form
Coloured precipitates
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Co2+ ions are pink in solution, and when they react with NaOH they form
Blue precipitates (coltalt(II)hydroxide), turning beige in the presence of air
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Fe2+ ions are pale green in solution, and when they react with NaOH they form
Green precipitate (iron(II)hydroxide), turning rusty brown at surface in presence of air
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Fe3+ ions are pale yellow in solution and when reacted with NaOH they form
Rusty brown precipitate (iron(III)hydroxide)
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Cu2+ ions are blue in solution and when reacted with NaOH it forms
A pale blue precipitate (copper(II)hydroxide)
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A complex ion is
A transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds (aka dative covalent bonds)
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A ligand is
A molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons with the transition metal ion to form a coordinate bond
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The coordination number is
The total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands
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In the formula of the complex ion, square brackets group together the species making up the complex ion and
The overall charge is shown outside the brackets (the overall charge is shown outside the brackets)
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Water and ammonia can act as ligands, their charge is
Neutral
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Thiocyanate SCN-, cyanide CN-, chloride Cl- and hydroxide OH- all have a charge of
-1
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6 coordinate bonds means an _______ shape
Octahedral
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4 coordinate bonds usually means a ______ shape
Tetrahedral, however in some it could be square planar eg [NiCl2(NH3)2]
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Ligands that have one lone pair available for bonding are called
Monodentate
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Ligands that have two lone pairs are called bidentate as they can form
Two coordinate bonds with a metal ion
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Ligands with more that two lone pairs are called
Multidentate
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Optical isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where an ion
Can exist in two non-superimposable mirror images
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Cis platin is one of the most effective drugs against many forms of cancer - it is the cis isomer of the platinum complex
[PtCl2(NH3)2]
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It is believed that cis platin acts by binding to the DNA of fast growing cancer cells, altering their DNA and it is generally believed that this
Prevents the cells from reproducing by these changes to the DNA structure, eventually this leads to activation of the cells own repair mechanisms and death of the cancer cells
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EDTA4+ is a hexadentate ligand, it has six lone pairs of electrons each
Forms a coordiate bond with a metal ion in a complex, it is known as a chelating agent which means it decreases the concentration of metal ions in solution by binding to them
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EDTA is used in detergents to reduce hardness of water, in food to act as a stabiliser stopping the oxidation of the product and in
Medical applications, added to blood to prevent clotting and to treat patiens suffering from lead and mercury posioning
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The requirements for optical isomerism are a complex with three molecules or ions of a bidentate ligand
OR a complex with two molecules or ions of a bidentate ligand and two molecules of a monodentate ligand, OR a complex with one hexadentate ligand
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A ligand substitution reaction is
A reaction in which one ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another ligand
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An aqueous solution of copper(II) ions contains [Cu(H2O)6]2+ complex ions, which have the pale blue colour when ammonia is added the colour changes is
From pale blue to dark blue, in the reaction four of the water ligands are replaced by four ammonia ligands [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
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Copper-oxygen bonds are longer than copper-nitrogen bonds so the shape of the [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ complex ion is described as
Distorted octahedral
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The reaction of aqueous copper(II) ions and ammonia
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4NH3(aq) --> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) (pale blue-->dark blue)
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The reaction of copper(II) ions and hydrochloric acid
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) +4CL-(aq) --> [CuCl4]2-(aq) +6H2O(l)
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In the reaction between copper(II) ions and hydrochloric acid the reaction colour change is
Pale blue to green then lastly yellow
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In the reaction between copper(II) ions and hydrochloric acid the reaction can be reversed by adding
Water
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Chloride ligands are larger than water ligands and have stronger repulsions therefore
Fewer chloride ligands can fit around the central metal ion
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[CuCl4]2- has a ________ shape
Tetrahedral
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In the reaction of cobalt(II) ions and concentrated hydrocholoric acid the colour change is
Pink to blue
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In the reaction of cobalt(II) ions and concentrated hydrocholoric acid the six water molecules are replaced by
Four chloride molecules
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The reaction of cobalt(II) ions and concentrated hydrocholoric acid is
[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl-(aq) --> [CoCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O
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Ligand substitution of CO and the heam group in red blood cells is irreversable therefore
Smokers become short of breath as they have less heam groups available for oxygen, leading to starvation of important tissues
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The stability constant is
The equilibrium constant for an equilibrium existing between a transition metal ion surrounded by water ligands and the complex formed when the same ion has undergone a ligand substitution
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Water is usually left out of the Kstab equation as water is in exess and
All compounds are dissolved in water
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A large value of Kstab indicates the equilibrium lies
To the right
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Complex ions with high Kstab values are more stable than those with
Low Kstab values
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A large value of Kstab also shows that the ion is
Easily formed
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The 4s sub shell has a lower energy than the 3d sub shell this means that

Back

The 4s orbital fills before the orbitals in the 3d sub shell. The d block metals will have filled there 4s orbital before electrons are added to the 3d sub shell

Card 3

Front

When forming ions in transition element chemisty, the 4s electrons are always removed

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

The transition elements from titanium to copper all form ions with two or more

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Transition elements are able to form coloured compounds due to

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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I'm sorry about the last comment, my friend wrote it because he didn't want to accept that he got some answers wrong in this quiz. I just got 100% on this quiz and with it It helped enhance my knowledge on Transition Metals as a whole. Keep up with the resources guys!!! 

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