Transgressive Criminology- Globalisation and Green Crime

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  • Created by: Om4r
  • Created on: 11-06-19 13:03
What is Zemiology?
Study of harms
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Why may Zemiology be used?
Because different countries have different laws , so legal acts in one place may be illegal in another meaning that countries can cause harm in one place and get away with it because it's legal (usually LICs)
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What is Transgressive Criminology?
Going beyond the boundaries of traditional criminology such as borders
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Why has a Global criminal economy risen?
Increasing interconnectedness due to Globalisation has created crime across borders
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Give 8 examples of crimes that have developed due to Globalisation?
Arms trafficking, Cyber crimes, Trafficking body parts, Slavery Trafficking, Money laundering, drug trade, international terrorism and trafficking endangered species
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How much is the Global criminal economy estimated to make annually?
£2 Trillion
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What fuels the Growth of the Criminal economy?
The supply and demand
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Where is most of the demand?
In HICs
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Where is most of the supply coming from?
LICs
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Why is the supply dominated by LICs? (use drugs as an example?
3rd world producing countries such as Peru and Colombia have large populations of poor people. This means drug cultivation for these groups is attractive because it may help them escape poverty
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What % of the Colombian Population is is dependent on Cocaine production for their livelihood? Why?
20%, because cocaine outsells all colombias other exports combin
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According to Ian Taylor,in which social classes is crime found?
Both ends of the social spectrum, lower class and upper class
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Why may lower social classes engage in crime?
Lack of legitimate opportunities for employment caused by outsourcing cheap labour means hat illegal options are rational
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Why may higher social classes engage in crime?
Globalisation of Money markets has led to an increase of insider trading, tax evasion and widescale fraud
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What is Glocal Crime?
Crime that's locally based but has global connections
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What did Hobbs and Dunnigham find about Glocal Crime?
That although crime have global links (drug smuggling), they still depend on a local setting (where to sell the drugs)
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What allowed for the emergence of the McMafia?
The fall of communism in Russia and Eastern Europe
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What occurred under communism?
The soviet state regulated the prices
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What happened after the Fall of Communism?
The Russian government deregulated most sectors of the economy except natural resources
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What impact did the fall of communism have on natural resources such as oil?
The prices stayed low compared to the rest of the world, so rich Eastern Europeans bought masses of oil and gas and sold it a higher prices to the world market
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What did the rich Eastern Europeans do to protect themselves and their wealth?
They joined the Mafia who were ex-communist security who had links with criminal organisations in other parts of the world
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What happened after the Mafias became recognised?
They began to brand themselves as Mafias from different ends e.g. Chechen Mafia. Which was then Franchised across the world
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What is Green Crime?
Crime against the environment
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Why should Green Crime be a Global Concern?
Because what happens in one part of the world has an effect on the rest of the world. E.g. Deforestation in the Amazon effects global weather patterns
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Are Traditional Criminologists concerned with Green Crime?
No, because no law has been broken
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How do Green Criminologists define Crime?
Any action that harms the physical and or human/non-human animals. Even if no laws are broken
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What is the problem with distinguishing harms?
What is harmful is subjective. E.g. Bourgeoisie see harm different to people who the actions are affecting. E.g. industry creates pollution, harmful to area but not to business owners because they don't live there
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Who introduces the Idea of the Global Risk Society?
Ulrich Beck
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What does Beck believe about past and present natural threats?
The natural threats of the past are now less dangerous than man-made threats
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What is an example of a man-made risk?
Global warming caused by industrialisation and use of fossil fuels
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What does Beck conclude?
We live in a global risk society because harm in one place has an affect on another place
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What are the 2 different views on Harm?
Anthropocentric and Ecocentric
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What is an Anthropocentric view on harm?
Humans have the right to dominate nature and put economic growth before the environment
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What is an Ecocentric view of harm?
Sees humans and their environment as interdependent so environmental harms impact humans
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What are the 2 types of Green Crime?
Primary and Secondary Crime
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What are Primary Green crimes?
Crimes that result directly from degradation and destruction of earths resources
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What is a Secondary Green crime?
Crimes that grow out of rules aimed to prevent or regulate environmental disasters e.g. governments breaking their own regulations and cause environmental harms
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What are the 4 main types of Primary Crime?
Crimes of Air pollution, Crimes of Water Pollution, Crimes of Deforestation and Crimes of species decline and animal abuse,
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What is an Example of a Secondary Green Crime?
State violence against oppositional groups e.g. French Secret Service blowing up the Greenpeace ship- Rainbow warrior in New Zealand which was there to prevent a green crime. 1 crew member died
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What is another example of a Secondary Green crime?
Illegal Disposal of Hazardous waste. It's highly costly to safely and legally dispose toxic waste so it's often dumped in the ocean illegally
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How may illegal disposal of Nuclear waste cause harm to others?
Might wash up in another country, e.g. after Tsunami in 2004 100's of waste barrels illegally dumped by European companies washed up on the shores of Somalia
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What is Environmental Discrimination?
Idea that poorer countries/ groups are wore affected by Green crimes. E.g. black communities in the USA often find their housing situated near garbage dumps
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What is Good about Green criminology?
Raises awareness of the importance of Eco-centrism and the impacts of ignoring it
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Has green criminology been successful in raising awareness of Green crime?
Yes, Global Climate change strikes and protests , Ecocentrism is hugely recognised
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What is the Problem with Green Criminology?
It drifts focus away from the actual committing of a crime to the environmental issues
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why may Zemiology be used?

Back

Because different countries have different laws , so legal acts in one place may be illegal in another meaning that countries can cause harm in one place and get away with it because it's legal (usually LICs)

Card 3

Front

What is Transgressive Criminology?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why has a Global criminal economy risen?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give 8 examples of crimes that have developed due to Globalisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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