more pensioners than under 16's living in britian. more people surviving to old age (vaccinations, sanitation) Demographic time bomb, greying population, silver tsunami. 2012 1/3 will live to 100
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Explain a longtitudinal Design
measure as age changes within subjects, same subjects comparison, individual trajectories. (time consuming, expensive, bad for careers, period effects, practise effects, selective attrition of respondants)
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Explain results from a study
brain volume, front of the brain lateral prefrontal cortex. test synonym, vocab, speed, reasoing, recall and episodic memory. = rise in vocab but other decreased with age. crosswords and age increased (correct number of words and age)
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what about memory?
STM steady but working memory decreased
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Does sexuality, and IQ affect ageing?
NO. only gender. females show less decline.
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What helps slow the process of ageing?
social activity, mental activity, physical activity. aerobic exersize preserves cognitive functioning. brain training not very sucessful
6 of 16
Explain the life expectancy.
It has gone from a pyramid to a pillar. Dynamic rise in the last century. 2yrs per decade. higher for women than men. different for around the world.
7 of 16
explain a sequential design
cross sectional and longtitudinal. sepearate the effects of age, period and cohort. shows changes experienced by one cohort are simular to those in another. time consiming, expensive and complex.
8 of 16
Explain long term memory changes
procedural memory, practised skills NOT affected by ageing. Semantic memory, general factual knowledge retained, growth then decline. episodic memory for specific events were impaired by aging. stability then decline
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Is there a link between personality and ageing?
personality does change with age (big 5) openness-seek out new ideas DECLINES WITH AGE> Extraversion decreases. agreeableness INCREASES. conscientiousness grows then declines. Neuroticism stable
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what is a quasi experiemental design?
cross sectional. longtitudinal and sequential
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what is a cross sectional design?
cohort. share the year they were born. quick, inexpensive, wide age range, description and application. Between subjects varibility, differences between age, not time changes, survivor probs. cohort effects
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Explain any sensory and brain changes
vision and hearing decrease with age. normal ageing-gradual degeneration in the NS. loss neurons 5-10% diminished functioning of remaining neurons. more neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques. reduced blood flow to brain, decline in NT.
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what about processing information
more slowly
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explain the sequential study of memry
two samples, tested semantic and episodic, both decreased with age. differences in education accounted for discrepicies between cross sectional and longtitudinal data
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what about interventions to increase cognitive ability
measure as age changes within subjects, same subjects comparison, individual trajectories. (time consuming, expensive, bad for careers, period effects, practise effects, selective attrition of respondants)
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